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'electronic commerce which Is commonly known as E-commerce or E- traffic Is a modern construct of doing business. In laymans language, It Is the submit and interchange of products and operate over electronic systems which in the main comprises of Internet. In this form of business the payment for goods and services is also done electronically I. E. By development credit cards. This concept has reached its maturity in substantial countries kindred the united States of the States and united Kingdom, exclusively it is still new for emerging economies of developing countries like Pakistan, India, andEgypt etc. E-commerce is mainly considered to be limited to the gross revenue aspect of the business, but it also entails the exchange of information and payment aspect of the transaction. 1. 2 Types of E-commerce: E-commerce Is mainly split into the sideline types: 1. 2. 1 Business-to-Business ( curtsy): The BOB transactions atomic number 18 taking consecrate between business concerns I. E. Manufacturers, whole bargainrs, suppliers, distributors. Applications of e-commerce for BOB non only Involve efficient calling but also encompasses myriad of activities like forecast of guest demand, flow of the needed information among come to snap offies, etc.Transactions with last consumers by manufacturers, middlemen, etc. Are all the same excluded from the atomic number 18a of BOB. 1. 2. 2 Business-to-consumer (BBC): BBC advert to a business transaction taking luff between a manufacturer, or retailer on the one hand, and an ultimate consumer for non-business usance, on the other hand. Opening an online store is non a big investment today for a SEEM. In developed countries retailers argon selling broad range of products and services over the net.They consider tissue site as a major part of the promotional and advertising campaign along with the ingestion of other tools such as advertising directories, newspaper publisher advertising ND signage. A number of advantages devolve to both the retailers and consumers, Included among them be; Shopping butt be faster and more convenient; retailers get access to declamatoryr customer base: retailers erect make approach not only to depicted object but also to international customers; and incur lesser running cost than physical stores. There atomic number 18 also both(prenominal) challenges that are faced in e-commerce in using its BBC model.The two major hurdling that come across BBC e-commerce are, head startly, bringing and making large number of customers to buy online, and secondly, to make a customer loyal to your online store for a longer accomplishment of time. Small retailers mainly find it difficult to uphold their competitiveness due to the rapid changes taking place in technology, changing customer preferences and maintaining lower prices. for the most part online customers are more price-conscious and are easily tempted by slightly lesser price, which makes I t more difficult for retailers to entertain online customers. . 2. 3 Business-to-Employees (BEE): BEE e-commerce generally refers to ordering for supplies by employees which they use in their jobs, but this concept has now real grown and includes much more. For very easily by using BEE e-commerce. These orders are completely electronic in tauter and supervisors are asked to approve these orders Just to monitor that employee does not exceeds its order limit. BEE allow the employee to access their own records in order to update address information, and maintain their inhering resume.A major benefit that companies have got by adopting BEE technologies is that it has dramatically reduced the administrative cost and has also bring down the burden of human resources department for maintaining employees information and records. 1. 2. 4 Consumer-to-Business (CB): CB e-commerce refers to a scope in which consumers decide what they take to ay, and the vendors decide whether, or not to a ccept the consumer ‘s bid. The following is an role model of CB. A person wants to disappear from Appeaser to Karachi, but has only RSI. 8000 in the bank name to make the payment for this round- trip.He advertises on an Internet CB site, facial expression for airlines that are offering this round trip for RSI. 8000, or less. The main feature of the Internet here is that it creates a segment of customers with specific need of services in which a number of airliners will be kindle in offering those services. 1. 2. 5 Consumer-to-consumer (ICC): ICC e-commerce refers to a setting where consumers among themselves buy and sell goods. The most normal example of ICC e-commerce is â€Å"e-bay, it is a website which brings a large number of state from all over America and I-J, provide them a platform where they chamberpot auction their personal belongings.This concept has also been adopted in Pakistan. Most popular example from Pakistan would be â€Å"Passels. Com” where cars are being auctioned by their owners, and are purchased by other consumers. ICC e-commerce has its own advantages, including the following are some: access to broader market, no go-between is involved, convenient or buyers to search the product they are looking for with the required specifications. Other than five major types of e-commerce, the following are the names of some not so popular types of e?commerce which are not meant for commercial use.Government-to-Government (EGG), Government-to-Employee (GEE), Government-to- Business (BOB), Business-to-Government (826), Government-to-citizen (EGG), Citizen- to-Government (COG), are amongst these modes of commerce. These modes are mainly used for administrative acetify such as registrations to licenses renewal, filing taxes to businesses, etc. This research is mainly related to Business to Consumer (BBC) e-commerce which is commonly known as E-tailing or virtual storefront.So before proceeding forrard in the report it would be b etter to first explain E-tailing briefly and review its history. 1. 3 E-Tailing: E-tailing (electronic retailing) is the selling of consumer products on the net, examples of goods commonly transacted includes books, garments, games, fashion accessories, etc. The vagary of E-tailing was one of the talked about topic, whenever discussions related to internet took place among economists, analysts and entrepreneurs back in the year 1995. E-tailing is synonymous with business-to- consumer (BBC) transaction.E-tailing began to work for some big companies and some Seems in America in the year 1997 when Dell Computer inform that multimillion dollar orders were taken at its Web site. In the same year Barnes and Nobles e-tail site was launched. This website was launched in boot after watching e-tail site was opened on the same footings as that of Amazon. In the year 1997 umteen companies biblically announced their achievements they had made in their e-tailing business, for example sale of the millionth car over the web by Auto-By-Tell, and Nielsen Medias recorded 10 million people buy goods on the Web in the same year.Growing popularity of e-tailing resulted in the development of software programs that were used for creating online catalogs, and also had direction tools that will help businesses that are operating on the internet. 1. 4 Key drivers of E-tailing: Different key drivers of E-tailing are identified by many researchers over the years because the understanding of these key factors, E-tailing trends in different countries can easily be analyzed. The following are some of the main key drivers that are generally discussed by many writers and researchers.\r\n'