Autonomy, Education, and Societal Legitimacy Essay -- Educational Pape

Autonomy, Education, and Societal LegitimacyI argue that autonomy should be interpreted as an educational concept, dependent on umpteen educative institutions, including but not limited to government. This interpretation will improve the understanding of autonomy in relation to questions about institutional and societal legitimate authority. I aim to make plausible three connected ideas. (1) Respecting individual autonomy, properly understood, is consistent with an interest in institutions in social and political philosophy. Such interest, however, does bear a broadening of questions about institutional and societal legitimacy. (2) Individual autonomy can and should be re-conceived as a multi-institutional educational notion. We must appreciate the complex institutional process. in that location are diverse questions about legitimacy as institutional and societal authority that generate normative demands binding on the individual. (3) There is some uncertainty about which instit utions do or should educate for autonomy. The shift to an educational, multi-institutional model of autonomy renders more questionable and probably de-emphasizes the role of blame and punishment as paradigmatically institutionalized expressions of respect for autonomy in educating for autonomy. Nonetheless, such an educational model does not eliminate concern about autonomy, blame and punishment. Rather, it broadens questions about the legitimacy of the normative function of various institutions, and of society as a whole. IThis account is intended to make it plausible to believe three connected propositions. The paper is about the variety of social institutions that educate persons (for good or ill) about normative issues. It is about some connections betw... ...cially p. 57.(12) Interestingly, Joel Feinberg is aware of the possible future decay of the nation-state, and he concedes that this might require some adjustments in our thinking about the analogy between autonomous indiv iduals and autonomous states. Feinberg, however, does not seem to favor or level entertain the idea that if there were fundamental institutional changes, we might do well to modify our reliance on analogies between individual persons and states so off the beaten track(predicate) as the theory of autonomy is concerned. See Harm to Self, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1986, pp. 50-51.Feinberg is here commenting on autonomy as the sovereign authority to govern oneself. His position seems puzzling for many reasons, especially in its unsupported assertion that even if a sense of world community grows, we ought to continue to model individual autonomy on the nation-state.

Lucid Dreams :: essays research papers

What is Lucid Dreaming, and How Can I Control My Dreams?Info from totse.com     The term " vaporous dreaming" refers to dreaming while knowing that you be actually dreaming. The "lucid" part refers to the clarity of consciousness rather than the vividness of the dream. It generally happens when you realize during the course of a dream that you be dreaming, perhaps because something preternatural occurs. Most people who remember their dreams have experienced this at some time, often waking up immediately after the realization. However, it is possible to continue in the dream while remaining fully aware that you are dreaming.     Usually lucidity brings with it some degree of conceal over the course of the dream. How much control is possible varies from dream to dream and from dreamer to dreamer. Practice can apparently contribute to the ability to exert control over dream events. At the least, lucid dreamers can choose how th ey wish to respond to the events of the dream. For example, you can decide to face up to a frightening dream figure, knowing it cannot harm you, rather than to effort to avoid the danger as you naturally would if you did not know it was a dream. Even this amount of control can transform the dream experience from whiz in which you are the helpless victim of frequently terrifying, frustrating, or maddening experiences to one in which you can dismiss for a while the cares and concerns of waking life. On the other hand, some people are able to achieve a level of mastery in their lucid dreaming where they can create all world, live any fantasy, and experience anything they can imagine.     Because the laws of physics and society are repealed many people share a desire for lucid dreaming. The only limits are the reaches of your imagination. Much of the potential of dreams is wasted because people do not recognize that they are dreaming. When we are not lucid in a dr eam, we think and behave as if we are in waking reality. This can cut to pointless frustration, confusion and wasted energy, and in the worst case, terrifying nightmares. Anxiety dreams and nightmares can be overcome through lucid dreaming, because if you know you are dreaming you have nothing to fear. Dream images cannot hurt you. Lucid dreams, in addition to helping you lead your dreams in satisfying directions, enjoy fantastic adventures, and overcome nightmares, can be valuable tools for success in your life Lucid dreamers can deliberately plight the natural creative potential of dreams for problem solving and artistic inspiration.

Transcending The Atrocities of War Essay -- Literary Analysis

Warfare not only results in majority of casualties but as well affect individuals both physically and psychologically. This can damage their sense of purpose and identity which can lead to difficulties in the way they relate to others. Art and religion proves to be the deliveryman of these individuals by helping them respond to the effects and aftermath of war with valour and resilience which not only helps them cope with stress and grief but also gives them the opportunity to interact and connect with others. David Roxborough argues that Ondaatjes method of alternating mythical identity allows the efficient construction of a panoramic religious framework with widespread mythical significance. Similarly, Alice Brittan claims that Ondaatjes novel is filled with scenes of reading and writing, and characters who delight in marginalia. Both the authors agree that Ondaatjes novel The English affected role utilizes imagery and mythology to beg off the atrocities of the Second World W ar, and to explicate that religion and the admiration of art attempts to defy the violent human displacements enabled by war, and helps to transcend the crude realities of the world.The novel The English Patient harbours four central characters namely Almasy, Hana, Caravaggio and Kip whose lives are devastated by the Second World War and British colonialism. Almasy, the English patient, receives austere burns during an escape from a blazing aircraft which makes him resemble a burnt animal, taut and dark (Ondaatje 6, 41). His injuries hinder him in making any kind of movement. Hana, a twenty years old Canadian nurse, is forced to leave her adolescence and step into adulthood at an early age. She loses her father, and has to suffer the pain of an aborti... ... English Patient.The History of the Book and the Idea of Literature 121 (2006) 200-213. PMLA. Web. 20Apr. 2012.Roxborough, David. The gospel singing of Almasy Christian Mythology in Michael Ondaatjes TheEnglish Patient. Essays on Canadian piece of music 67 (1999) 236. Academic Search Premier.Web. 17. Apr. 2012.Cook, Rufus. Being and representation in Michael Ondaatjes The English Patient. ARIEL30.4 (1999) 35+. Canadian Periodicals Index Quarterly. Web. 26 Apr. 2012.Goldman, Marlene. Powerful Joy Michael Ondaatjes The English Patient and WalterBenjamins Allegorical Way of Seeing. University Of Toronto Quarterly 70.4 (2001)902. Academic Search Premier. Web. 23 Apr. 2012.Scobie, Stephen. The reading lesson Michael Ondaatje and the patients of desire. Essays on Canadian Writing 53 (1994) 92. Academic Search Premier. Web. 27 Apr. 2012.

I am Vietnamese :: first person narrative essay

I sit in solemn silence, wondering if I should even bother with this essay. I am not the ideal Vietnamese child I am nothing special.Since I was born, English has been my primary lecture. It is the language I think in, the only language I can express my true emotions. I am an American-born Vietnamese child, proud of my heritage, yet forever attempting to grasp it. I merely know this my morality and values, instilled in me by Vietnamese tradition make me who I am today. That is why I write, not to win, but to express my pride in my Vietnamese roots. I am Vietnamese. Sometimes, it is hard for me to believe. My grasp of the language is childish at best, and at times, I feel inadequate. It is something that I am ashamed of, yet something I hope to rectify in the future. But I know I am Vietnamese. The ability to overcome hardship, to face fear and succeed is in my blood. As our people deport always found light in every bad situation, I was raise to do the same. My ability to speak a nd write whitethorn not be up to par with other Vietnamese children but my heart and spirit will forever be 100% Vietnamese. My parents are the best. They have never ceased to amaze me. I grew up in Allen Parkway, alongside hundreds of other Vietnamese families. My parents worked long hours at their jobs to try and provide for my sisters and me. My flummox is a seamstress, functional 60-hour weeks. My father is a fisherman. He is gone for a weeks at a time, doing hard physical labor. Whenever I look into his eyes, I begin to cry. I assist a man that could have been so much more. He was among the top students in his class. His teachers told him he was destined for greater things. Yet there he stands, in front of my own eyes, a waste of a man. We never had the father and son relationship I have always craved, but my love for him and my mother transcends comprehension. I wish I could say that I had a great upbringing, but I cant. My parents tried their best, but they were hardly eve r around. My sisters and I raised ourselves. Among the three of us, the cooking, cleaning and household chores were divided.

Huckleberry Finn ( Huck Finn ) :: Essays Papers

Huck Finn IT would be most an moment yet till breakfast, so we left and struck gobble up into the woods because Tom said we got to keep some light to see how to dig by, and a lantern adjudges too much, and might get us into trouble what we must have was a lot of them rotten chunks thats called fox-fire, and moreover makes a soft kind of a glow when you lay them in a dark place. We fetched an armful and hid it in the weeds, and cast down to rest, and Tom says, kind of dissatisfied Blame it, this whole thing is just as easy and awkward as it can be. And so it makes it so rotten difficult to get up a difficult plan. There aint no watchman to be drugged -- now there ought to be a watchman. There aint even a dog to give a sleeping-mixture to. And theres Jim chained by one leg, with a ten-foot chain, to the leg of his bed why, all you got to do is to hornswoggle up the bedstead and slip off the chain. And Uncle Silas he trusts everybody sends the key to the punkin-headed nigger, and dont send nonentity to watch the nigger. Jim could a got proscribed of that window-hole before this, only there wouldnt be no use trying to travel with a ten-foot chain on his leg. Why, drat it, Huck, its the stupidest disposition I ever see. You got to invent all the difficulties. Well, we cant help it we got to do the beaver we can with the materials weve got. Anyhow, theres one thing -- theres more honor in getting him out through a lot of difficulties and dangers, where there warnt one of them furnished to you by the people who it was their duty to furnish them, and you had to contrive them all out of your own head. like a shot look at just that one thing of the lantern. When you come down to the cold facts, we simply got to let on that a lanterns resky. Why, we could work with a torchlight hike if we wanted to, I believe. Now, whilst I think of it, we got to hunt up something to make a saw out of the first chance we get. What do we want of a saw?Huckleber ry Finn ( Huck Finn ) Essays PapersHuck Finn IT would be most an hour yet till breakfast, so we left and struck down into the woods because Tom said we got to have some light to see how to dig by, and a lantern makes too much, and might get us into trouble what we must have was a lot of them rotten chunks thats called fox-fire, and just makes a soft kind of a glow when you lay them in a dark place. We fetched an armful and hid it in the weeds, and set down to rest, and Tom says, kind of dissatisfied Blame it, this whole thing is just as easy and awkward as it can be. And so it makes it so rotten difficult to get up a difficult plan. There aint no watchman to be drugged -- now there ought to be a watchman. There aint even a dog to give a sleeping-mixture to. And theres Jim chained by one leg, with a ten-foot chain, to the leg of his bed why, all you got to do is to lift up the bedstead and slip off the chain. And Uncle Silas he trusts everybody sends the key to the punki n-headed nigger, and dont send nobody to watch the nigger. Jim could a got out of that window-hole before this, only there wouldnt be no use trying to travel with a ten-foot chain on his leg. Why, drat it, Huck, its the stupidest arrangement I ever see. You got to invent all the difficulties. Well, we cant help it we got to do the best we can with the materials weve got. Anyhow, theres one thing -- theres more honor in getting him out through a lot of difficulties and dangers, where there warnt one of them furnished to you by the people who it was their duty to furnish them, and you had to contrive them all out of your own head. Now look at just that one thing of the lantern. When you come down to the cold facts, we simply got to let on that a lanterns resky. Why, we could work with a torchlight procession if we wanted to, I believe. Now, whilst I think of it, we got to hunt up something to make a saw out of the first chance we get. What do we want of a saw?

Huckleberry Finn ( Huck Finn ) :: Essays Papers

Huck Finn IT would be close an hour yet till breakfast, so we left and struck agglomerate into the woods because Tom said we got to have some light to see how to nose by, and a lantern makes too much, and might get us into trouble what we moldiness have was a lot of them rotten chunks thats called fox-fire, and just makes a soft smorgasbord of a glow when you lay them in a dark place. We fetched an armful and hid it in the weeds, and set d cause to rest, and Tom says, kind of dissatisfied Blame it, this whole social occasion is just as easy and awkward as it can be. And so it makes it so rotten difficult to get up a difficult plan. there aint no watchman to be drugged -- now in that respect ought to be a watchman. There aint even a dog to give a sleeping-mixture to. And theres Jim enchained by one leg, with a ten-foot chain, to the leg of his bed why, all you got to do is to lift up the bedstead and slip off the chain. And Uncle Silas he trusts everybody burdens th e key to the punkin-headed nigger, and dont send nobody to watch the nigger. Jim could a got out of that window-hole before this, only there wouldnt be no use trying to travel with a ten-foot chain on his leg. Why, drat it, Huck, its the stupidest arrangement I ever see. You got to invent all the difficulties. Well, we cant help it we got to do the best we can with the materials weve got. Anyhow, theres one thing -- theres more honor in get him out through a lot of difficulties and dangers, where there warnt one of them give to you by the people who it was their duty to furnish them, and you had to contrive them all out of your own head. Now look at just that one thing of the lantern. When you play along down to the cold facts, we simply got to let on that a lanterns resky. Why, we could work with a torchlight procession if we requisiteed to, I believe. Now, whilst I think of it, we got to hunt up something to make a saw out of the first chance we get. What do we want of a saw?Huckleberry Finn ( Huck Finn ) Essays PapersHuck Finn IT would be most an hour yet till breakfast, so we left and struck down into the woods because Tom said we got to have some light to see how to dig by, and a lantern makes too much, and might get us into trouble what we must have was a lot of them rotten chunks thats called fox-fire, and just makes a soft kind of a glow when you lay them in a dark place. We fetched an armful and hid it in the weeds, and set down to rest, and Tom says, kind of dissatisfied Blame it, this whole thing is just as easy and awkward as it can be. And so it makes it so rotten difficult to get up a difficult plan. There aint no watchman to be drugged -- now there ought to be a watchman. There aint even a dog to give a sleeping-mixture to. And theres Jim chained by one leg, with a ten-foot chain, to the leg of his bed why, all you got to do is to lift up the bedstead and slip off the chain. And Uncle Silas he trusts everybody sends the key to the punkin-headed nigger, and dont send nobody to watch the nigger. Jim could a got out of that window-hole before this, only there wouldnt be no use trying to travel with a ten-foot chain on his leg. Why, drat it, Huck, its the stupidest arrangement I ever see. You got to invent all the difficulties. Well, we cant help it we got to do the best we can with the materials weve got. Anyhow, theres one thing -- theres more honor in getting him out through a lot of difficulties and dangers, where there warnt one of them furnished to you by the people who it was their duty to furnish them, and you had to contrive them all out of your own head. Now look at just that one thing of the lantern. When you come down to the cold facts, we simply got to let on that a lanterns resky. Why, we could work with a torchlight procession if we wanted to, I believe. Now, whilst I think of it, we got to hunt up something to make a saw out of the first chance we get. What do we want of a saw?

How Reliable Are Ofsted Reports as a Measure of School Effectiveness? Essay

This assignment examines the reliability of Ofsted judgements that were make on cultivate X in 2009 and 2012. It will discuss how the ii inspections were carried reveal-were they carried out in the alike way? Were they felt to be fair? educate X is a large 3-11 mixed cultivate with 35.1 % of pupils who are eligible for unaffectionate school meals FSM. The pupils are mainly Pakistani, Indian and Bangladeshi. The proportion of special educational needs and disabled pupils is similar to separate national schools. The attainment and progress in both English and mathematics meet the current government standards. (Ofsted report 2012).How Ofsted reach an general understanding about school effectiveness?The quizzers reach the overall judgments by considering the four key areas achievement of pupils, the quality of teaching, behavior and safety, leadership and management. Inspectors also consider the quality of the curriculum and how the spiritual, moral, social and cultural develo pment of pupils at the school. They will also look if the school is meeting the individual needs in particular the needs of special educational needs and disabled pupils. The judgment they make is based on the overall evidence they gather from their observation, parents, pupils, interviews and the mature online, which is a secure web-based system that provides schools, local authorities and inspectors with a range of analyses including motion at the end of Key Stages 1 and 2 Progress from Key Stage 1 to 2 Absence and exclusions and The characteristics (often referred to as context) of pupils. (Dave Thomson, RM Education, 2011).In addition, their judgments on the quality of teaching are based not only on classroom observations snapshots, but they are also checking pupils books, sequences of work, pupils academic progress and parents perspectives on their childrens progress.Ofsted A summary of Evidence.Ofsted judgements on teaching through classroom observations face several chall enges. First, there is the Hawthorne effect, whereby the pupils or the teacher mightiness change their behaviour because an inspector in the room is a novel experience (Cohen and Manion 1994, Robson 2011). Additionally, Grubb (1999) stated that teachers complain that it is hard for inspectors to evaluate a full lesson from a snapshot as the unseen part of the lesson may be crucial to interpreting what is happening in the observed part of the lesson. However, the above-mentioned methods that inspectors used to make a judgment on the quality of teaching mush be considered.According to Mr Jonathan Harris, as cited in the report from the Education sub-committee (1999), he was critical of possible changeability of judgements between inspections team up where he argued that different inspection teams could make different judgments about the same school in the inspection reports which he stated unacceptable. Thus, there is no evidence which guarantee that Ofsted judgments are reliable. I t is not just a matter of reliability as far as the boldness of data concerned too. As Gorard (2009) points out, if the initial relative error in either the actual or the predicted score is greater than 10%, as it almost certainly would be in reality, the error in the CVA upshot would be even greater than this, 40 periods more than the size of the result itself., which makes serious doubts about the validity of the data.On the other hand, Ofsted keep raising expectations and the criteria used by Ofsted which are shown in appendices 1-3 could be one of the causes that the school has a satisfactory in 2009.Figure 1 It is also necessary to consider the fact that Her Majestys Chief Inspector raises expectations to ensure a good education for all focusing on the quality of teaching the heart of good education. Thus, a proposal was conducted to improve the education system. (A Good Education for All .2012). Thus, in the new theoretical account it was stated that, Schools will be judge d on a smaller number of core aspects than before, but we will be examining them in greater depth. The changes will result in more streamlined inspections, with fewer judgments and grades, leading to sharper reports on the quality of education provided by schools and the most important aspects of their performance. (Ofsted new framework 2012).Ofsted judgments on the schoolOfsted judgements on School XFigure 1Figure 1 shows the Ofsted grades for School X in 2006, 2009 and 2012.In each report, the first collar judgments of overall effectiveness, achievement of pupils and quality of teaching were wedded the same grade.The common issue that was raised in all of the reports was about the quality of teaching. For instance, in 2006 they asked the school to ensure the good quality of teaching across the school. In 2009, they said raise the proportion of good and outstanding teaching. In 2012, they said raise the quality of teaching through appropriate questions that cover different needs of different pupils. First of all, it was the same comment written differently each time and the last one they pointed how.Discussion and description (Schools perspective).Having considered the above-mentioned arguments about Ofsted judgments, it is also important to discuss the validity and reliability of the above-mentioned judgments. An interview was constructed to decide the school views towards these judgments.The Deputy liberty chit of School X points out that, children vary in their abilities each year and believed that Ofsted do not take this into account. She argued that when the school went scratch off from outstanding down to satisfactory to good, it was because they had a lot of special needs children ,consequently, they were not able to get up to the standard of the government at that time. Although, the students made progress in Key stage 2 but they did not meet the government standards. (School Data included Appendix 4 & 5).Before considering how the two inspection s were carried out, it is important to note that the inspectors in general are infixed people not objective. The deputy head mentioned this particular Ofsted inspector who came in 2009, he walked through the door on the first day and said I am Mr, so and so, if I had come to your school six months ago, I would have given you an unsatisfactory school and put you in special measures. That clears straightaway that he is not on their side as he had this thought in mind. She also felt that they were making negative judgments not positive judgments about what they are seeing in the school. Indeed, the Deputy Head gave an example of that when the inspector went around the school then said to the Head teacher,Where is the White English Board showing the Culture of the White English indigents people in Britain?The Head teacher and the Deputy Head felt that the way the inspection went wasnt fair. First, they received a call from the department of education the next morning as the notes went to a moderator who looked at the evidence then changed the curriculum from unsatisfactory to satisfactory. Second, within the next two days they received another call from the inspector himself aphorism that he has changed Leadership and management from satisfactory to good. As (Gibbon and Forster, 1999) point out, Ofsted revealed that there is no issue on who inspect the school and when, but, if two inspectors inspect the same school, the lesson, or the department, and they there was a variation in their judgments. Which inspector do we believe? Then, the Head teacher and the Deputy Head found out in the internet that fifteen schools with the same lead inspector that had the same exact comments in their reports as if they cut and paste the same comment in other reports.The National Association of Head Teachers general secretary Russell Hobby said he had heard anecdotal reports of cut and paste reports, adding such a dedicate was not acceptable given that the fate of the school re sts on what is written.BBC News.In contrast, the Deputy Head mentioned that the 2012 inspector was fabulous, open-minded looking for good things, the inspector said,This is a good school, you are improving school, I can see your results are going up, they are not quite national, yet, as soon I walked through this door I can feel this is a good school and I want to know what you are doing good? How can you prove this? Where is the selective information for that? In this respect, the Deputy Head argued that it depends on the inspector who comes around. However, these remain opinions of people as we cannot treat them as objective fact. Also, we cannot assume that all inspectors are subjective people because people look at things from different angles. For instance, if two inspectors attend the same lesson together and each one has his own believes about teaching, one of them might grade a teacher centered lesson as satisfactory and the other one sees it from a totally different angle. Conclusion.The leaders of this school believe they were judged unfairly and that general evidence on Ofsted points to the risks of unreliable judgements. As Ofsted keep raising the expectation it would be hard for a school to be outstanding as it would be rarely possible to find a school with a big proportion of an outstanding quality teaching. Thus, schools should be flexible and understand that the propose of Ofsted is to improve education for children which is what school is all about. Teaching is the core of school improvement and schools should raise the proportion of good and outstanding teaching.ReferencesCut and Paste Ofsted news report Claims. BBC News. BBC, 06 Aug. 2012. Retrieved from http//www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-18353533Cohen, L. & Manion, L. (1994).Research Methods in Education. London Routledge.Gibbon, C, T & Forster, N, J, S. (1999). Is Ofsted Helpful? In C. Cullingford (Ed.), An inspector calls (pp. 97-118) Harlow Longman.Gorard, S. (2010).Serious Doubts abou t school effectiveness British Educational Research Journal, 365,745-766.Grubb, N. (1999). rise or control?. In C. Cullingford (Ed.), An inspector calls (pp. 70-96). Harlow Longman.Ofsted 2006 inspection Report for School XOfsted 2009 inspection Report for School XOfsted 2012 inspection Report for School XOfsted. A Good Education for ALL. Feb. 2012. Retrieved from http//www.ofsted.gov.uk/resources/good-education-for-allRobson, C. (2011). Real World Research. United Kingdom WileyTHE EDUCATION SUB-COMMITTEE. THE WORK OF OFSTED. Rep. no. 4. UK Parliamentary, 1999. Retrieved from http//www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm199899/cmselect/cmeduemp/62/6212.htmThe Framework for School Inspection from September 2012. Ofsted. 05 Sept. 2012. Retrieved from http//www.ofsted.gov.uk/resources/framework-for-school-inspection-september-2012-UKThomson, Dave. RAISE online for Governors of. Rep. UK National Governors

The Grieving of the White Mistress

I did not know what time it was. I was still in my acknowledge and comfortably tucked in my sheets. E very(prenominal)thing is still, no chirping of the birds and no squeaks from the squirrels.Only the whispers of the winds that hustled against the glass windows broke the overwhelming silence. The fire is burning at the fireplace and I could smell the woods burning. But no matter how thick my flannel pajamas are layered with my thermal, I could not help myself from shivering.My eyes were still closed but my wit was already conscious. Apparently, my vanquish covers hold up fallen from my bed. As I tried to reach for it I saw through my bedroom window that it was already snowing. It was the startle day of snow of the year, and it was magnificent.It was the day before Thanksgiving. The crimson leaves of the deciduous trees that line our street have completely fallen. From the warmth of my house, I watched the outside world have the dust-coveredest season of the year.As if arran t(a), only the green colored pine trees contrasted the landscape of white covered grounds. Six inches thick of snow has cloaked the earth with its solemn beauty. same minute specks of dust falling gently, ice fell as if God is chistling from the heavens above. The velvety white gleamed and reflected the light that penetrated through the dark clouds in the horizons.The skies search so heavy, as if heaven and earth are reaching for each others bosom. Pavements are drenched with melted snow and rooftops are laid with perfect fog of white against the smokes of chimney. Such a picturesque piece of land, such life in this dark and cold weather.After a rose from my bed I took my fit out from the edge of my bed and wore my winter slippers. I hurried to the kitchen where I found my Mom mixing hot chocolate on the stove. She poured the black thick watery on a mug decorated with Old St. Nicholas portrait sleeping on a rocking chair.I added sprinkles of marshmallows and settled myself on the stool by the nook. I smelled the sweet savory flavor evaporating and smiled at my Mom with content. I love winter mornings, all the peace that envelops the earth lets me contemplate through the depths of my long sleeping soul.I went to the bathroom to take a shower. When I turned the knob and the waters started to gently lather my flesh, the hot waters steamed and misted the smoked windows. It is a very relaxing feeling to find yourself so warm in this extremely frosted environment. After I finished, I put on my winter attire.I have prepared several pieces of clothing to prudently warm me through different layers. I wore my black colored thermal covering the entire lengths of my arms and legs and wrapper my bodys torso. Its smooth texture was a comfort to my skin. Then I continued with my dark blue turtle neck fleece sweater and I slid into a pair of straight cut denim jeans.I took my knee length winter boots made of camel colored suede with flat soles, wore them on my feet and slipped on my black down jacket that extends to my waist.I took my beret and placed it on my head and I warmed my hands with a pair of gray colored and knitted gloves. I finished finish with with a long scarf that matches my mittens, wrapped it on my neck and stepped out of our front door.The cold winds gently brushed through my face and softly blew my hair. A distinct chill rushed through my veins which immediately made my shoulders tremble a little.I smelled the air and found myself smiling as I understood that autumn pumpkin pies are being baked at our neighbors oven. Its sweet flavor entered my nose and I heartily enjoyed its scent. I saw my friend living next door, she is already outside playing with the snow. I saw her lying on the ground repeatedly swaying her arms and feet upwards and downwards.I realized that she is making a snow angel, as if a lass in the midst of a fairly land. I ran towards her and leaped next to her and made my own childhood memories come to life. The earth was soft and cold and I just stared at the skies with a sigh.Winter days are beautiful, they have their own charm and endearing beauty. Though most of the world seems to be barren and lifeless, it still holds a promise of rejuvenation. Nights may be longer than days, but the darkness retires our spirit and refreshes our sousls.

Women Employment in India

GENDER DISCRIMINATION (Wo hands piece of build in mentuma and India) Sunida Singh emailprotected com 082 WE FORGET TO TAKE A PHOTO TOGETHER TABLE OF CONTENT Introduction3 G shuttinger in liveity4 globular Women Employment6 Women Employment in China. 11 Women Employment in India14 * attention force trends & statute 15 * Management.. 16 * Changing Work Place 17 Successful case to lift women usance AVON China, the caller-out for women. 8 TATA India * About Tata stigma & Corpo localize Sustainability Services18 * Empowerment initiatives of Tata Steel help women to strain feat19 * TATA Motors Grihini Udyog 20 Conclusion & Recommendation26 References27 Introduction This issue of the sex Discrimination (Women employment in China and India) looks at the commoveuality aspects of this impact, and updates indicators on the situation of women in prod markets. This report reconfirms that sex activity in adaptedity re main(prenominal)s an issue within wear markets glob each(pre nominal)y.Women suffer multiple disadvantages in hurt of access to labor markets, and oftentimes do not rush the selfsame(prenominal) level of freedom as men to choose to educate. Gender differences in labor force club grade and unemployment order atomic number 18 a persistent feature of ball-shaped labor markets. In 2008, an estimated 6. 3 per penny of the servicemans womanly labor force was not work still looking for work, up from 6. 0 per penny in 2007, while the corresponding rate for potents was 5. 9 per cent in 2008, up from 5. 5 per cent in 2007.Gender wage differentials may be due to a variety of factors, including herd of women in low paying industries and differences in skills and work experience, besides may besides be the result of secernment. Given the constraints women argon facing, promoting sexual urge equality and empowering women is not only an important goal of the Millennium Declaration in itself, it is as well pivotal to achieving the new t arget on full and fur-bearing employment and aright work for all in all, and virtually all remaining goals and targets.This issue of Gender Discrimination (women employment in China and India) latch ons with an analysis of global women employment understructure on currently available information. Section two looks at the women employment in China and its impact. Followed sections be virtually women employment in India and its impact. Successful case to promote women employees. A final section concludes and soaringlights a number of policies to prevent sexuality discrimination. Gender discriminationThough sexuality discrimination and sexism refers to beliefs and attitudes in relation to the gender of a person, such beliefs and attitudes atomic number 18 of a complaisant nature and do not, normally, carry any legal consequences. Sex discrimination, on the other hand, may grant legal consequences. Though what constitutes sex discrimination varies mingled with countries, the essence is that it is an adverse action issuen by superstar person against another person that would not have occurred had the person been of another sex.Discrimination of that nature in accepted enumerated circumstances is illegal in many countries. Currently, discrimination base on sex is defined as adverse action against another person, which would not have occurred had the person been of another sex. This is considered a form of prejudice and is illegal in certain enumerated circumstances in or so countries. Sexual discrimination can arise in different contexts.For instance an employee may be discriminated against by being hireed sexist questions during a job interview, or because an employer did not hire, promote or wrong richly terminated an employee based on their gender, or employers pay unequally based on gender. In an educational aspect thither could be claims that a student was excluded from an educational institution, program, opportunity, loan, student grou p, or scholarship due to their gender.In the housing setting there could be claims that a person was ref utilise negotiations on seeking a house, contracting/leasing a house or getting a loan based on their gender. Another setting where there have been claims of gender discrimination is banking for example if peerless is refused credit or is offered unequal loan impairment based on ones gender. Another setting where there is commonly gender discrimination is when one is refused to extend their credit, refused approval of credit/loan process, and if there is a burden of unequal loan terms based on ones gender.Socially, sexual differences have been used to justify different roles for men and women, in about cases giving rise to claims of primary and secondary roles. While there atomic number 18 maintain non-physical differences between men and women, major reviews of the academic literature on gender difference dominate only a tiny minority of characteristics where there atom ic number 18 consistent psychological differences between men and women, and these preserve directly to experiences grounded in biological difference.However, there are also some psychological differences in regard to how problems are dealt with and emotional perceptions and reactions which may relate to hormones and the happy characteristics of each gender during longstanding roles in past primitive lifestyles. Unfair discrimination usually follows the gender stereotyping held by a society. The coupled Nations had concluded that women often experience a glass ceiling and that there are no societies in which women enjoy the same opportunities as men.The term glass ceiling is used to describe a perceived barrier to advancement in employment based on discrimination, in particular sex discrimination. In the United States in 1995, the crackpot Ceiling Commission, a government-funded group, stated Over half of all Masters degrees are now awarded to women, yet 95% of senior-level man agers, of the nip Fortune grand piano industrial and 500 service companies are men. Of them, 97% are white. In its report, it recommended affirmative action, which is the consideration of an employees gender and race in hiring and promotion decisions, as a means to end this form of discrimination.In 2008, women accounted for 51% of all workers in the high-paying management, professional, and related occupations. They outnumbered men in such occupations as public relations managers monetary managers and gentleman resource managers. The Chinas leading headhunter, Chinahr. com, reported in 2007 that the average salary for white-collar men was 44,000 yuan ($6,441), and compared with 28,700 yuan ($4,201) for women. The PwC research found that among FTSE 350 companies in the United Kingdom in 2002 intimately 40% of senior management posts were occupied by women.When that research was repeated in 2007, the number of senior management posts held by women had fallen to 22%. Transgender individuals, two male to female and female to male, often experience problems which often lead to dismissals, underachievement, difficulty in finding a job, social isolation, and, occasionally, violent attacks against them. Nevertheless, the problem of gender discrimination does not stop at transgender individuals or with women. Men are often the victim in certain areas of employment as men begin to seek work in office and childcare settings traditionally perceived as womens jobs.One such situation seems to be evident in a late case concerning alleged YMCA discrimination and a Federal Court Case in Texas The case actually involves alleged discrimination against both men and blacks in childcare, even when they pass the same strict background tests and other standards of employment. It is currently being contended in federal court, as of fall 2009, and sheds light on how a workplace dominated by a majority (women in this case) sometimes go forth seemingly justify any(prenominal) they wish to do, regardless of the law.This may be done as an effort at self-protection, to uphold traditional societal roles, or some other faulty, unethical or illegal prejudicial reasoning. Global Women Employment Gender inequality remains an issue within labor markets globally. Women suffer multiple disadvantages in terms of access to labor markets, and often do not have the same level of freedom as men to choose to work. Gender differences in labor force participation rates and unemployment rates are a persistent feature of global labor markets. In 2008, an estimated 6. per cent of the worlds female labor force was not working but looking for work, up from 6. 0 per cent in 2007, while the corresponding rate for males was 5. 9 per cent in 2008, up from 5. 5 per cent in 2007. Women also face constraints in terms of sphere of influences of economic activity in which they would like to work and working conditions to which they aspire. Women are overrepresented in the agricultural sector, and if the much industrialized regions are excluded, almost half of female employment can be found in this sector alone. Women are also often in a disadvantaged position in terms of the parcel of land of vulnerable employment (i. . un stipendiary family workers and own-account workers) in marrow employment. These workers are most likely to be characterized by insecure employment, low scratch and low productivity. Those women who are able to secure the relative comfort of wage and salaried employment are often not receiving the same remuneration as their male counterparts. Gender wage differentials may be due to a variety of factors, including crowding of women in low paying industries and differences in skills and work experience, but may also be the result of discrimination.Given the constraints women are facing, promoting gender equality and empowering women is not only an important goal of the Millennium Declaration in itself,1 it is also pivotal to achieving the new target on full and productive employment and decent work for all, and virtually all remaining goals and targets. By the end of 2008, working poverty, vulnerable employment and unemployment were beginning to rise as the cause of the economic slowdown spread. With the deepening of the recession in 2009, the global jobs crisis is expected to worsen sharply.Furthermore, we can expect that for many of those who manage to keep back a job, earnings and other conditions of employment will deteriorate. The impact of the crisis will be felt by both men and women, but not necessarily in the same manner. This report presents alternative scenarios for selected labor market indicators in 2008 and 2009 in order to illustrate the effect on gender differentials in labor markets on the alkali of changes in the economic environment. January 2009, the IMF again revised the global economic outlook downward, following similar revisions in October and November of 2008. suffer to the new projections, global economic festering in 2009 will be only 0. 5 per cent. This is considerably lower than was expected in November 2008. The new estimate for global economic growth in 2008 is 3. 4 per cent, which is 0. 4 percentage points lower than the estimate produced in late 2008. As Figure 1 shows, global economic growth in 2008 was importantly below the rates seen in recent years, which resulted in a major weakening in a number of labor markets. After four consecutive years of decreases, the global unemployment rate increased from 5. 7 per cent in 2007 to 6. 0 per cent in 008. The ranks of the unemployed increased by 13. 8 billion passel between 2007 and 2008, which is the largest year-on-year increase in the period for which global estimates are available. The global number of unemployed in 2008 is estimated at 193 million. Figure 1 Global unemployment trends and economic growth, by sex, 1998-2008* *2008 are preliminary estimates denotation ILO, Trends Econometric Models, January 2 009. The unemployment rate for women was 6. 3 per cent in 2008, as compared to a rate of 5. 9 per cent for men. Between 2007 and 2008, the unemployment rate increased for both men (0. percentage points) and women (0. 3 percentage points), thus slightly reducing the gender gap in unemployment rates that has been seen in the past decade (Figure 1). In terms of numbers of unemployed, 112 million out of the total of 193 million are men, and 81 million are women. The gender gap in the unemployment rate is one indication of the gender inequality in global labor markets. Another important aspect of this inequality is the difference in access to labor markets, as labor market access has much to do with economic empowerment for women.Even though global male and female labor force participation rates show signs of conversion, the gap is narrowing at a very slow pace and it still amounted to almost 25 percentage points in 2008. Women made up 40. 5 per cent of the global labor force in 2008, up from 39. 9 per cent in 1998. Similar to labour force participation, there is a large gender gap in employment-to- commonwealth rates, and this gap is narrowing also very slowly. Globally, the employment-to-population rate for the female adult population increased by 1. 2 percentage points between 1998 and 2008, as opposed to a decrease by 1. percentage points for male adults. regional differences in both levels and changes over time are shown in Figure 2. Figure 2 Adult employment-to-population ratios, by sex and region, 1998 and 2008* (%) *2008 are preliminary estimates Source ILO, Trends Econometric Models, January 2009 The female adult employment-to-population rate increased in seven out of nine regions. The largest increases can be seen in Latin America and the Caribbean, the fondness easternmost and North Africa, but the rates remain well below 30 per cent for adult women in the latter two regions.Only East Asia and South-East Asia and the Pacific saw a decrease. In East Asi a, however, the female adult employment-to-population rate is very high and the gender gap in employment-to-population rates is the meekest of all regions. In most regions, the male adult employment-to-population rate decreased between 1998 and 2008, North Africa and Central and South Eastern Europe (non-EU) & CIS being the exceptions. It is expire that, despite the progress made in many regions, far fewer women participate in labor markets than men.In developed economies, part of the gender gaps in participation and employment can be attributed to the fact that some women freely choose to stay at home and can afford not to encipher the labor market. Yet in some developing regions of the world, remaining outside of the labor force is not a choice for the majority of women but an covenant it is likely that women would opt to work in these regions if it became socially acceptable to do so. This of course does not mean that these women remain at home doing nothing most are heavily engaged in household activities and unpaid family care responsibilities.Regardless, because most female household work continues to be classified as non-economic activity, the women who are thus occupied are classified as outside of the labor force. While it may not be correct to assume that all women extremity employment, it is safe to say that women call for to be given the same freedom as men to choose to work and to earn a salary if they want to. This is unlikely to be the case. Both India and China, its not difficult to see more and more companies aware the gender issues and provide a lot of opportunities, as well as work position for female employees. Such as TATA in India and AVON in China.These two companies make remarkable contribution in reversing workplace prejudice against female. Women Employment in China As everybody knows, China is an ancient nation, the historical root strongly influence wads mindset. Traditional Chinese are deeply affected by Buddhism Taoism and Confucianism. Especially Confucianism is the real root of gender discrimination. In Confuciuss admonitory, he thinks women should stand behind the man, and never subjugate their men. (B. C 551-479), almost two thousands four hundred more years, the gender unequally in born becomes an inveterate mindset.Subsequently, in 1949s, new China was founded, both male and female gain the equal human rights in law. A department called All-China Womens Federation (ACWF) was founded at the same time. This organization is founded to protect womens legal rights include the right to work. Mao Zedong said women hold up half the sky, anything a man can do, a woman can also do. (Mao Zedong, 1968), in practice, Chinese women start to participate in labor market. Chinese women are free from stay at home pattem share the burden with their husbands to tack together a family.But in many traditional family, they dont allow female to work outside, they prefer women play a role of take care of babies, handl e all housework, the less participate with outside world, the better virtues they has. All of these internal and external factors drag Chinese womens step and keep them far a mood from work. Along with the socioeconomic development, more and more Chinese women in general become more independent, they desire for the equal human rights as well as man, therefore, they entered the labor market. We can see the female in the workplace is increasing year by year.Women employee plays an important role in both family and workplace. Although the womens rights receive significant attention, and protected by laws and regulations, but we still observed the gender discrimination in the workplace from directly turn to indirectly discrimination. Over those years, more and more companies use indirect sex discrimination which is more implicit latent with recessive reason, and inconspicuous. Whatever sex discrimination happens to one person, when its spread out over ten billion working woman, it ends up divided by a large population and becomes unobservable.In the recent years, there are some unspoken rules in the workplace, such as not-marriage, not pregnancy and childbirth. Most of employers even those state- owned enterprises (SOEs), always say that they provide equal employment opportunity abide by law, but they use every kind of excuses to reject female while recruitment, they keep female workers outside the door. According to a survey report which announced by Chinese Womens federation association, it indicate 90% plus female graduates felt they have suffered gender discrimination when they seeking the jobs.People might hard to believe gender discrimination this kind of negative word to match with famous international corporations, but in fact, 40% foreign companies has implicit gender discrimination in recruitment. Some of them are Fortune 500 companies. And some small companies, female outlook have asked some embarrassing questions via interview. Those questions are ver y personally and privately. For example, a female candidate was asked did she live with boyfriend. Otherwise, many private and small enterprises will ask a parol agreement about not wedding and family plan within three or even five dollar bill years.One of the real story is about a female worker who working at a big company, after she has a baby, she was told due to the poor performance, company will not rectify the contract with her. Another option is to Change the work position, this kind of change also called demote. Usually, this kind of employee will be talked in person and privately, if they are willing to hand their resignation, company not only pay what they should pay but also provide them a letter of recommendation for the future development. The way of sex discrimination becomes so sly.In this case, company didnt against the legal regulation, also use the internal performance evaluation as an excuse, although the employee is unhappy with this, but consider about the eco nomic benefits, most of them will have to compromise. We can see, there is a case of unequal fundamental human rights. By the end of Feb 2010, the female graduates employee rate is lower than male about 8. 5%. (MyCOS Research, 2010), and MyCOS also point out that the gap of employment rate cant fully present the real situation of gender equity.Mostly, female employees have to accept the lower salary position or accept the work doesnt match with their major at all to be employed compare with male at the same qualified level. The employment quality is absolutely low and they are unhappy with this. All of these are the results of gender discrimination. In China, most of women are working on education medical treatment research marketing advertise catering entertainment service industry and manufacturing. Most of them work at the bottom level just few female can work on board.Female usually will face gender discrimination while recruitment payment and eudaemonia promotion sexual harass ment and retirement. This is the top five hot topic people argue with in China. This is the top five hot topic people argue with in China. In the recent year, high level educational female face a big problem, every four high educated candidates has one person was rejected just because of she is a women. The age of childbearing female who has not had a baby yet usually cannot get the job. When we talk about promotion, there are two main factors strongly effect females promote opportunity, there are house work and children care.More than 20% working women have suffered spicy jokes, they are around 18 to 35 years old more than 40% companies do not have the regulation about sexual harassment issues, all sorts of sexual harassment impede females development. In China, male retire at 60 years old and female at 55 years old by law. On the other hand, we can say, this union asks female to start work later than male and retired before male. It means the welfare of retirement payment, is unf air. And the data we provided before does not cover the implicit discrimination part it means the real world situation will be worse than what we observed.Nowadays, sex discrimination trend to indirect, but there is an insight that relevant regulations and laws had deterrent effects. Although it cannot prevent and solve the current problem effectively, but from direct discrimination to indirect discrimination finally trend to eliminate sex discrimination in the workplace, this is an ongoing process. At least we can see its on the way. In the recent year, corresponding laws and regulations are highly concentrate on eliminate gender discrimination in the workplace. In the case of implicit discrimination, this usually occurred at recruitment process or probationary period.The revised labor law strictly provisions the limitation and requirement on employer terminate employment contract during these period. When women employees suffer implicit discrimination, they should not longer put u p with it its time to stand up with a strong voice. Women Employment in India Population * in that location are an estimated 1,173,108,018 people living in India, which makes it the second most populous country in the world, following China. * Women are 48. 1% of the population of India. * There is a gender gap at birth. For every 100 girls born, there are 112 boys born this gap is even wider in some regions. Of all ages, the gender gap is 100 females for every 106 males. * Indias religions play a strong role in its culture and people, and the large majority of Indians are Hindu. educational Achievement * Of those ages 15 and up, just 49. 6% of females were literate compared to 73. 6% of males. * Men dominate the numbers of those enrolled in higher educational degrees. Enrollment of Higher educational Students, by Gender Women in the Labour Force * Indias 2001 Census found that women were 31. 6% of all workers. * Women are an estimated 38. % of all economically active individuals. * Of women that work in the labor force, only 20% work in urban areas. * Women earn 66% of mens salary for equal work. * 26. 2% of women compared to 9. 0% of men cited a lack of role models as a barrier to advancement. Labor Force Trends and Legislation * In an effort to recruit more women employees, some companies are offering 25% bonuses for female employee referrals. * India ranked towards the bottom of the 134 countries, with a ranking of 114, on the 2009 Global Gender possibility Index. * Women received 12 weeks paid maternity leave. The Factories Act of 1948 mandates that employers with 30 or more women employees must provide child care facilities for children under the age of six. * India has a young workforce and population. In the next ten years, due to a flood of younger people entering the workforce, and more women entering the workforce, India expects to add an additional 110 million people to its labour force. Management * Women are just 3% of legislative, management, and senior official positions. * Women in management in India face many challenges. Studies have found -women have to work harder to prove themselves men do not respect women bosses (and prefer to have them as subordinates as opposed to superiors) -women are excluded from informal networks. * According to one study of ten companies, women were * 34. 1% of those at the junior level of the workplace, * 16. 2% of those at the middle level, * 8. 2% of those at the senior level. * Of 1,112 directorships on the Bombay Stock put back 100, just 59 (5. 3%) are held by women. 32 * Out of 323 total executive directorship positions (generally considered to be prerequisites to holding the CEO position) on the Bombay Stock throw 100, just eight (2. 5%) are held by women. 54% of companies on the Bombay Stock Exchange 100 have no women board directors. * Despite occupying small percentages of leadership positions, 97. 2% of women (compared to 95. 6% of men) aspire to jobs with increased responsib ility. Changing Workplaces * As companies strive to retain valuable female talent, companies are attempting to implement programs to create more women-friendly workplaces. One study of IT companies examined work-life/woman-friendly programs. Some of the most common programs include * Flexible work schedules/hours (68% of respondents) * Sexual harassment policies (68%) * Flexible leave insurance policy (64%) Transportation policy (55%) * Health and wellness programs (50%) * Day care for children/parenting workshops (27%) * Womens lounge/recreation (23%) * Womens forum /networks (18%) * The Global Gender Gap Index is measured by the World Economic Forum. It ranked 130 countries in 2008 on the size of their gender gap between women and men in four areas economic participation and opportunity, educational attainment, political empowerment, and wellness and survival. Successful case to Promote women employment AVON China, the company for women AVON, one of the largest direct marketing c ompany in the world owned more han three billion consumers and five million employees worldwide. Over these years, AVON engages on help women to have their own career to have the equal opportunity to work as man. AVON China also creates a lot of jobs for Chinese women. The mission of AVON is the company for women. This mission leads see women not only as consumer but also potential employees in the near future. The CEO of AVON is a Chinese female named Andrea Jung. She also ranked NO. 5 in the 50 most all-powerful women in clientele list (2010, Fortune Magazine), AVON have launch their business over 100 plus countries all over the world.You can easy to find its beauty store just about every city in China. AVON provides flexible home-based business for Chinese female who desire for work and life balancing. It encourages women to start up their own business with very little cost. Just as low initial cost as the price of a lipstick with limitless earnings potentials. This is one of the benefits of becoming an AVON representative or a direct sells person. Most of AVON sellers are female, women knows what women wants AVON China provides great opportunities to hire and promote female employment. TATA India, the company for womenAbout Tata Steel & Corporate Sustainability Services Established in 1907, Tata Steel is the flagship company of Tata Group, the most respected business house in India and one of the top ten steel producers in the world. The Company was founded on the philosophy that society is not just another stakeholder in its business, but its prime purpose. As Tata Steels trading operations have expanded to new geographies, the Company has retained a collective focus on the various areas of corporate social responsibility that impact the environment, people and their health, and society at large.In India, the Company is pledged to causes such as strengthening civic amenities in and around its sites, providing healthcare, education, training, employmen t and recreation, and preserving culture and heritage, especially of indigenous tribes. Tata Steel has expanded its reach from the city of Jamshedpur and its adjoining urban areas to over 800 villages in the Indian states of Jharkhand, Orissa and Chhattisgarh, touching the lives of hundreds of thousands of people. In 2008, Tata Steel India became the first combine steel plant in the world, outside Japan, to be awarded the Deming Application Prize 2008 for excellence in TotalQuality Management. Empowerment initiatives of Tata Steel help women to achieve feat Concerted efforts by Tata Steel have helped the women in Kalinganagar area to achieve a major millennium development goal of the United Nations pertaining to gender equality and empowerment. The steel majors initiative to organize village womenfolk through formation of women Self Help Groups (SHGs) and support for creation of alternate income-generating activities have helped them to attain this feat.In Kalinganagar, where Tata Steel is setting up a 6 million tonne integrated steel plant, 24 women self-help groups have been formed with 317 women as members. Out of them, 124 women are engaged in various income generating activities. The activities taken up by these women include poultry, mushroom farming , goat and sheep rearing , pickle making, Muduki and Badi making , stitching, Ethnic cunning making, Phenyl and bleaching performance and carrying on petty business. Apart from this, 23 women are also engaged in various community development works as teachers, community health facilitators, community organizers and SHG co-coordinators.Strengthening empowerment through various initiatives like Tejaswini programme, has paid rich dividend with significant increase in the number of women engaged in non-agricultural activities. It increased from only 5 in the pre-displacement period to 200 in 2010, which is very significant. Similarly, average annual income of the women members of the relocated families has re ached Rs 24,600 compared to 2006 when they didnt have any non-agricultural income. This emblematic achievement has also been maintained in maternal death rate and infant mortality rate.While it was targeted to reduce maternal mortality (by 3 quarters) and infant mortality (by two third) by the 2015, the same has been achieved well before the deadline. Due to 100% institutional delivery and regular medical checks-ups, the said target is pulled off. Apart from zero in maternal mortality, 100 percent institutional delivery has also been ensured for these tribal women. Besides, zero infant mortality, 100 percent immunization of children has been attained due to the health initiatives taken by Tata Steel.This is considered as major achievements as infant mortality & maternal death was just a common phenomenon for poor tribals of Kalinganagar area. TATA Motors Grihini Udyog Began in 1973 with specified 7 hesitant women members, extremely limited cash in hand and very humble revenues. But under the able guidance of our visionary wise man Late Ms. Leelatai Moolgaokar, we stand tall with over 1000 women members (most of who are shareholders), 17 centres and over Rs. 79 million turnovers.Grihini Udyog is a collective enterprise which endeavours to empower the women relatives of Tata Motors employees. philosophical system TATA work ethics rest on the twin principle of justness and ethical. Justness is ensured through the inbuilt co-operative mode which ensures distribution of dividend in proportion of ones skill set. It is also endured that the corporation does not indulge in exploitation of anyone in any manner. Secondly, all labour rights within the ambit of ethical labor practices are secured to the individual members. They believe in ethical outsourcing of labour oriented process.During a span of 37 years, Tata Motors Grihini Udyog has gone through different phases, transforming itself from manufacturing household consumer products to abstruse outfit and hi-t ech Automotive Electronic Products. They work in 4 societies which are spread over 17 centres. These centres are distributed in and around Pune. 1. Tata Motors Grihini Shivankala Society Stitches the uniforms and hand gloves for the company employees and supplies to Tata Motors. It now stitches 45 other items of sale including bags, purse etc. and sells it to a wide set of customers. 2.Tata Motors Grihini Cable Harness Society Assembles the line harness and supplies back to the company. 3. Tata Motors Grihini Electronics Society* Assembles the electronic components used in a vehicle and supplies to the company. 4. Tata Motors Grihini Vividh Karyakari Society Prepares spices, condiment and other eatable items. It has a wide customer base for its products which not only includes Tata Motors but other organizations in the vicinity. Tata Motors Grihini Electronics Society has achieved ISO 9001-2000 certificate on 13th October 2004. We achieved certificate of ISO 9001 2008 in Decem ber 2010.How they work? They work online on SAP enabled SRM system. Based on the quantum demand of the product and services, targets for each month is set and delivered as and when required by the customer. This has been achieved by strategic alliance between Tata Motors (through MASOP arrangement/process) Their Proud * Respected and reliable Vendor of Tata Motors * Assisting New Product Introduction (NPI) by providing wiring for prototype vehicles. * Coping with increase in production volumes. * Additional business relations with other companies like Motherson Sumi, Tata Power. Certificate for ISO 9001-2000 from BVQI(Bureau Veritas Quality International) * Our three employees have achieved the Gunvant Kamgar Award conferred by the Maharashtra government. New Horizons The new age women are far more educated and have come up with new and advanced skill sets which were not witnessed decades back. Their sustainability plan attempts to harness this potential. The chief mechanisms would be 1. Linking of business unit with the rural population in order to scale up the quantum of goods produced especially that pertaining to Vividh Karyakari Society. . Enhancement of the membership base of the workforce through raising the comprehension bar of the traditional outsiders i. e. those who are not relatives of the Tata Motors employee. 3. To open up additional selling unit in order to scale up the sale. Currently, 20% of the revenue comes from sale to customers other than Tata Motors. This shall be raised. Beyond Business Besides regular business we celebrate the other dimension of life. Be it organizing blood donation camps or tree plantation. They also celebrate Womens day on 8th March with full enthusiasm.They organize Cultural Programmes on the Annual General Meeting. They make disinterested donations to the Sakal Relief Fund. They publish the Darpan Magazine and published Smrutigandha on 3rd August 2005 on the occasion of celebrating 25 years of the organization. K ey Features * Society is for the women and totally managed by the women * Members work only for five hours in a day * Work centers located in residential areas of this city and its industrial area * Apart from share of profits through dividend women are also entitled * Monthly remuneration with statutory benefits is given to members.Tata Motors Grihini Vividh Karyakari Sahakari Audyogik Sanstha Maryadit Variety of namkins, sweets and many more. Tata Motors Grihini Shivankala Sahakari Audyogik Sanstha Maryadit Various types of cotton, terrycloth uniforms, cotton, hand gloves, caps. similarly manufactured items like school bags, kitchen aprons. Tata Motors Grihini Electronics Sahakari Audyogik Sanstha Maryadit Products Redio antina Flashers 12V & 24V, multifunction modules, digital clock, relay 12V & 24V . Tata Motors Grihini Cable Harness Sahakari Audyogik Sanstha MaryaditAssembly of various types of wiring harnesses that is Main cables, front to tail, roof & panel wiring for Tata Motors Safari, Sumo. Evolution YEAR NO. OF CENTRES NO. OF LADIES TURNOVER IN Rs. MILLION 1973 1974 1 8 1980-1981 19 712 1. 33 1986-1987 21 836 2. 93 1991-1992 24 1100 7. 43 1996-1997 24 1623 20. 5 2002-2003 20 1099 31. 45 2005-2006 22 1300 52. 5 2006-2007 20 1329 57. 07 2007-2008 21 1300 61. 32 2008-2009 18 1091 60. 03 2009-2010 17 1011 79. 00 Growth * From 8 ladies, the organization has heavy(p) to more than 1000 ladies strong. Annual revenue of more than 7 crores from 4 lines of business (LOB). * LOB spreading across traditional businesses like masala and tailoring to the technologically advanced businesses of electronics and cable. * Entire activities independently managed by the members of Grihini. CONCLUSION Sex discrimination is a very serious socioeconomic problem which exists worldwide, not only in India and China but also other countries. How to eliminate discrimination in the workplace? Nobody find out the perfect solution yet. Under the global economic recession, t he labor supply is much stronger than labor demand.This might narrow the room for eliminate gender discrimination in the workplace. We should careful avoid pecuniary crisis makes gender discrimination become more reasonable in the workplace. To avoid cost from gender discrimination in the workplace, company can use strategies for prevention. There are a number of steps that company can take to reduce the risk of gender discrimination occurring in workplace. Although company may not be able to take all of the steps, but should take as many of them as you can. Adopt a clear gender discrimination policy.In company employee handbook, should have a policy devoted to gender discrimination. That policy should define gender discrimination state in no uncertain terms that you will not tolerate gender discrimination state that company will discipline or fire any wrongdoers set out a clear procedure for filing gender discrimination complaints state that company will investigate fully any comp laint that receive, and state that company will not tolerate retaliation against anyone who complains about gender discrimination. The gender equity issues should always be involved into considerations.In order to protect the employment equal opportunity, we can not only reply on laws and regulations, need all corresponding parties to make contributions as well. REFERENCES ACWF, All-China Womens Federations official website http//www. acwf. com/ Australian Human Rights Commission, women in leadership, sex discrimination. Retrieved Oct 17 2011 from http//www. hreoc. gov. au/sex_discrimination/programs/women_leadership. html Avon product Inc (2011), the official website http//www. avon. com/ Catalyst (2011) Women in the labor force in India. Retrieved Oct 18 2011 from http//www. catalyst. rg/ wedge/453/qt_women_in_the_labour_force_in_india. pdf Catalyst (2011) Leadership gender gap in India. DECCAN HERALD, Retrieved Oct 19th 2011 from http//www. deccanherald. com/content/116956/leader ship-gender-gap-india. html Confucius (551-479 B. C), the admonitory of Confucius. Retrieved Oct 19 2011 from http//baike. baidu. com/view/2176. htm Elizabeth Boroderick (2011). Gneder equality blueprint 2010. Australian human rights commission. Retrieved Oct 17 2011 from http//www. humanrights. gov. au/sex_discrimination/publication/blueprint/index. html Felice (2011) Women in the labor force in China.Quick Takes. Published Aug 2011. Catalyst. Chianging workplaces, changing lives. Retrieved Oct 17 2011 from http//www. catalyst. org/publication/432/women-in-the-labor-force-in-china Jane Nolan (2008) Gender and Equality of opportunity in Chinas labour market. Department of Sociology. University of Cambridge. GeNet working paper NO. 31 Retrieved Oct 17th 2011 from http//www. genet. ac. uk/workpapers/GeNet2008p31. pdf Laurie Burkitt & Josh Chin (2011) Chinas Race with the Gender Gap. Published on April 29 2011. CHINA REALTIME REPORT. Retrieved Oct 17 2011 from http//blogs. wsj. om/chin arealtime/2011/04/29/china%E2%80%99s-race-with-the-gender-gap/ Liz Bolshaw (2011) National differences in MBA gender gap China and Hongkong lead the way. Published on June 21 2011. Women at the top blog. FINANCIAL TIMES. Retrieved Oct 17 2011 from http//blogs. ft. com/women-at-the-top/2011/06/22/national-differences-in-mba-gender-gap-china-and-hong-kong-lead-the-way/axzz1b9mLGVqj Lu Pin (2009) Women vulnerable to gender discrimination in workplace. Published on June 21 2009. GLOBAL TIMES. Retrieved Oct 17 2011 from http//opinion. globaltimes. cn/commentary/2009-06/438474. tml Margaret Maurer-Fazio & Thomas G, Rawski & Wei Zhang (1997) Gneder Wage Gap in Chinas Labor Market Size, Structure, Trends. Working paper NO. 88 the William Davidson institutes. Retrieved Oct 18 2011 from http//wdi. umich. edu/files/publications/workingpapers/wp88. pdf Mao Zedong (1968), quotations from chairman mao tsetung, Retrieved Oct 18 2011 from http//baike. baidu. com/view/581241. htm Psych Central paro le Editor (2009). Gneder discrimination in the workplace. Work and Career News. Retrieved Oct 17 2011. From http//psychcentral. com/news/2009/10/09/gender-discrimination-in-the-workplace/8868. tml Ricardo Hausmann, Laura D. Tyson, Saadia Zahidi (2010), the Global Gender Gap Report. World Economic Forum. Retrieved Oct 18 2011 from http//www3. weforum. org/docs/WEF_GenderGap_Report_2010. pdf Ricardo Hausmann, Laura D. Tyson, Saadia Zahidi (2009), the Global Gender Gap Report. World Economic Forum. Retrieved Oct 18 2011 from http//directivasdearagon. com/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/report2009. pdf Stephen Gandel (2010) Are women less competitive than man? Explaining the gender gap. Posted on SEARCH TIME. COM Nov 30 2010, Retrieved Oct 17 2011 from http//curiouscapitalist. blogs. time. om/2010/11/30/are-women-less-competitive-than-men-explaining-the-gender-gap/ Tripti Lahiri (2011) China vs. India, the population numbers. Published on May 2nd 2011. CHINA REALTIME REPORT. Retrieved Oct 17 2011 from http//blogs. wsj. com/chinarealtime/2011/05/02/china-vs-india-the-population-numbers/ Wang Zhiyong (2004), women in the workplace A great leap backward. Published at China. org. cn. March 22 2004. Retrieved Oct 19 2011 from http//china. org. cn/english/2004/Mar/90950. htm Xixoaling Shu & Yanjie Bian (2010) Market Transition and Gender Gap in Earning in Urban China, the University of North Carolina.Published July 28 2010 by the university of north Carolina press. Retrieved Oct 18 2011 from https//webspace. utexas. edu/hl4958/contemporary-chinese-history/Shu%20-%20Market%20Transition%20and%20Gender%20Gap%20in%20Earnings%20in%20Urban%20China. pdf Xiaoran Shang (2010) Gender Discrimination in Chinese Job Market. Mellisa class interview Xiaoran Shang on Oct 10th 2010. Retrieved Oct 18 2011 from http//sxr520. public. iastate. edu/Gender%20Discrimination%20in%20Chinese%20job%20market. htm Xinhua News Agency (2004) Government urged to help women find more jobs. Retrieved Oct 19 2 011 from

Life of Pi Essay

Richard Parker and the other fleshlys? In the realistic taradiddle Pi encounters a number of challenging, horrific, and animation holdfast purgets. In the kick downstairs story, Pi tells how Richard Parker attacks and eats hu whiles, has no examples and is very savage. provided erst the realistic story is told, it is understood that Richard Parker and Pi are ace in the same, and it is really Pi who committed the crimes that he faults on Richard Parker in the world-class-year story. Richard Parker acts as an elude for Pi through allowing him to mask his sins, forget detri intellectual emotions, and all overlook his unchaste actions.While on a lifesauce gravy boat for an astounding 227 twenty-four hourss Pi commits some sins. While being a devote Christian, Muslim, and Hindu these sins would non be tolerated under both form of despe circumscribe within these religions. Pi creates Richard Parker to mask his hazardous actions. In the second story after only a catch weeks at sea Pi and the Chef stole food without Pips mother knowing, Mayo selfish monster screamed Mother. The only reason were running out of food is because youre gorging yourself on it He had some to, he said, nodding my way (Marten 340).Pi was so hungry that when the Chef impinge onered him a ration he ate it without thinking of the consequences. It was very selfish on his mapping and regret did non hit him until he saw his mothers disappointment. After the Chef kills his mother, Pi takes the contiguous open opportunity to kill him, Then we fought and I killed him (Marten 344). Murder is not recognized under any of Pips religious beliefs exactly is also against the law in populacey countries. Pi contradicted his religious beliefs, the one thing that molded his image until the postwreck. Pi draws cannibalistic once he kills the Chef, I ate his liver. T off great pieces of his flesh (Marten 345). At this point in the second story Pi is thirsty, starving and now alone, he abides complete touch with his compassion beseeming very primal. Being an honest and noble boy Pi would not able to live with himself without an outlet after committing such(prenominal) sins. Pi creates Richard parker as a figurehead to escape and take blame for his primitive moments. Richard Parker, as Pi describes him, is violent, impulsive and much like Pi in his immoral moments on the lifeboat. In the second story Pi becomes brutal and primitive.Once he reaches land Pi does not take to acknowledge such negative and embarrassing behavior. This is his motive for the better story where Richard Parker exemplifies all these negative traits instead of Pi. Pi loses a turtle, which results in the Chef acquiring angry and killing Pips mother, We were starving. I was weak. I couldnt hold on to a turtle. Because of me we wooly-minded it. (Marten 343). Pi blames himself for his mothers death. Although the blood was not literally on his hands he feels he is the directly responsible for his mothers death.Pi becomes very anger and hurt when the Chef kills his mother He killed her. The cook killed my mother(Marten 343). Pips mother was the last member of his family. It is understood Pips beginner and companion live ond in the shipwreck, and now his mother is also dead. For the first time ever Pi is truly alone and without guidance, he continues to lose touch with his humanity. Pi becomes pitiless and violent after killing the chef, His heart was a struggle- all those tubes that connected it. I managed to get it out. It tasted delicious, far better than a turtle. (Marten 345).The story becomes graphic and gruesome, tho gives perfect depiction Of Pips desperation and how far he has strayed from his morals. These traits that Pi disp presents are not his true character. These traits arise because of his desperation and he is under extreme conditions. It makes genius for Pi to create Richard Parker as a scapegoat, he is ashamed of what he has become and never t hought he could possess such immoral traits. throughout the second story Pi loses his sense of morality. A young Chinese man with a broken point is a passenger on the lifeboat. His leg becomes infected and theChef convinces Pi and his mother to help amputate it, I can let off hear his evil whisper. He would do the job to save the crew members life he said, but we would have to hold him(Maritime 338). Amputating was against Pips morals, and he was well aware it would ultimately kill the sailor. As a result of the amputation the sailor break offd a abominable and horrible death. Pi becomes selfish, primitive and purely survival driven. While aboard the lifeboat Pi is forced to dismiss his vegetarianism, It came easier to me. Found hunger improved the taste of everything. (Marten 343).The indorser would think being a devote vegetarian his entire life would make him want to resist the urge to eat bosom. Pi is so hungry and so he is pushed to refute his ethics that he has lived with his entire life. The reader wonders, how strong Pips moral compass is with disowning his vegetarian ways so easily. The Chef is brutish and violent, although Pi slake accepts him, and sees him as a fri barricade. Richard Parker is an easy passage in Pips mission to escape his extraordinary actions. Richard Parker allows Pi an outlet to immoral and unethical behavior that would not be tolerated in Pips natural world.But we couldnt ignore him entirely. He was a brute, but a mulish brute. He was technical with his hands and he knew the sea. He was full Of good ideas. He was the one who thought Of building a raft to help with fishing. If we sufferd any time at all, it was thanks to him. (Marten 342) Even after butchering the sailor and alimentation all their rations, Pi accepts the Chefs help yet though his methods go against his morals. nether the pressure of the sea Pi quickly and easily dismisses his morals, strays from humanity and becomes annalistic.Richard Parker acts a s a perfect guarded, the typical tiger possesses the traits and emotions Pi wants to avoid. Richard Parker acts as an escape for Pi through allowing him to mask his sins, forget negative emotions, and overlook his immoral actions. Pi sees himself before the ship wreck as a holy, positive and honest being, but quickly dismisses all his morals in the light of survival. He becomes primitive, immoral and very annalistic. Pi uses Richard Parker to represent his instinctive mind and serve as an escape from the horrific level of savagery he sank to on the lifeboat. Pi creates Richard Parker as a coping method.Life of Pi EssayThe second event was when Piecing had to regenerate Richard Parker, the Bengal tiger that he was stuck on the lifeboat with, in order to have even the dimmest consent of survival until being rescued. Lastly Pi had to surpass many mental barriers that his life was shaped around and had to defy his religions. He had to eat sum total and fish to keep alive. Overall, t hese events are just a minor glimpse of what Pi Patella, a sixteen year old boy, faced and how he coped with the obstacles that were thrown at him. Pips entire journey resulted in him experiencing death over ND over again starting with the death of his family.Losing ones parents is always a traumatic event, but losing ones parents at a young age can cause serious mental devastation. When Pi is stranded alone on the lifeboat, he maintained hope that his parents and brother survived the sinking ship they were alive and that they will rescue him shortly. However Pi lost more hope everyday as each day went by until he finally accepted that his parents and brother died on the sinking ship and that they would never come back. They were dead could no longstanding deny it. What a thing to acknowledge in your heartTO lose a brother is to lose soulfulness with whom you can share the experience of growing old, who is supposed to fix you a sister-in-law and nieces and nephews, creatures to people the tree of your life and give it new branches. To lose your father is to lose the one whos guidance and help you seek who supports you like a tree trunk supports its branches. To lose your mother, well, that is like losing the sun above you. I lay down on the tarpaulin and spend the whole night dolourous and grieving, my face buried in my arms. (Page 141) In the quote above, Pi has finally accepted the death of his family and is grieving for his loss.Pi explains his pain vividly by describing the anguish he is currently suffering and the misery he potentially will suffer in the future from the death of each member of his family. As the life intersect progresses and the individual reaches adulthood, the psychological and interpersonal consequences of this disturbance may manifest in semipermanent mental health problems, (Nickering). This quote clarifies that the loss of Pips family could possibly cause barren devastation to his mental and psychological health as he grows older.Even though this business leader have been one of the most difficult things Pi had to face, his ails did not end there they had only begun, especially with a man-eating tiger on the same lifeboat as him. Now most humans cannot even stand near a perfectly overcomed tiger, the fear would consume us and the self-preservation instinct would cause us to flee. Piecing Patella was trapped on a small lifeboat with a man eating Bengal tiger named Richard Parker. Pi did his best to maintain distance from the tiger even building a small individual raft that he inclined to the lifeboat where the tiger could not reach him.Nonetheless, he knew he would have to eventually tame the tiger so he could reach the supplies in the life boat and prolong his survival till he could be rescued. I had to tame him. It was at that moment that I realized this necessity. It was not a question of him or me, but of him and me. We were, literally and figuratively on the same boat. We would live or we woul d die together. He might be killed in an accident, or he COOL_SLD die shortly of natural causes, but it would be foolish to count on such an eventuality.Most likely the worst would happen the simple passage of time, n which his animal toughness would easily outlast my human frailty. (Page 1 81 ) This quote demonstrates that Pi eventually came to an understanding that it was not just about him or the tiger it was about both of them. If he was going to survive long enough to be rescued he would have to tame Richard Parker. In terms of symbolisation that Yawn Marvel used, Pi would have to face and prevail over his problems. here tiger represents the troubles and fears that one has to overcome in life and the lifeboat represents life itself.Through the symbol we can see that by overcoming his fears and robbers Pi is becoming more confident, mature and in turn mentally streng henceed. Richard Parker made his point with me four measure. Four times he struck at me with his right paw a nd sent me overboard, and four times lost my shield. I was terrified before, during and after each attack, and I spent a long time shivering with fear on the raft. Eventually I learned to read the signal he was ending me. I set up that his ears, his whiskers, his tale, his teeth and his throat, he spoke a simple, forcefully punctuated language that told me what his next make a motion might be. Earned to back down before he bring up his paw in the air. (page 229) Again from this quote from the novel we can determine that Pi has matured and is examining key details that would help him tame the tiger. Only someone with a clear and mentally strong approach could identify such slender details and use them to their advantage. Overall the Pips experience of taming a man eating Bengal tiger and overcoming his fears, not only made his survival on the life boat a little easier, but it made him mentally stronger as well. With todays new-made technology, life boats are equipped with GAPS t rackers so Orviss can be easily and rapidly rescued.On the other hand, Pips story took place before many of these technological inventions existed. He survived on that life boat for 227 days straight and one of his biggest concerns was food. Pips life boat did have supplies of food, but they were nowhere even near to what was essential to survive all that time out at sea. Pi knew, that in order to feed he would have to possibly eat meat and fish. Put the hatchet down. I would break its neck, sight unseen, I decided. I captive the fish tightly in a blanket. With both hands started bending it.The more I pressed, the more the fish struggled. I imagined whit it would feel like if I were wrapped in a blanket and someone were trying to break my neck. Was appalled. I gave up a number of times. Yet I knew it had to be done and the longer waited, the longer the fishs suffering would go on. (Page 202-203) The quote above explains how Pi had trouble killing the fish and eating it. He could not get over the horny and psychological issues with killing and eating the fish, even though he knew if he was going to survive, he would eventually have to do it.On top of his own feelings and emotions, Pi followed Hinduism which clearly states that killing and eating another living creature is a sin. This does not apply to honoring the remnants of ambassador or sanctified food first offered to Lord Krishna and then eaten by the spiritual preceptors who mercifully leaves some for their devotees which is then glorified by them smash ambassador. Madhya means unsanctioned foods due to not having been hallowed by first offering it to the Supreme Lord and thus impure. Partaking of foods in tama guan such as meat, fish, fowl, eggs, wine, alcohol, etc. Reeds dark insistence and great ignorance. capital of Iraq Gait, Chapter 1 7, verses 8, 9, and 10) This is a passage from the sacred holy scripture of Hinduism, the Baghdad Gait. Pi had read almost all of the holy scriptures of all the religions he followed and obeyed most of what they preached. Since the Baghdad Gait said it was against the religions beliefs to eat meat, it caused a serious moral dilemma within him. In the end he had to eat both fish and meat in order to useve. By doing so he was once again scarred for life, which caused further mental devastation. Though Pi suffered al these traumatic events, he survived and was eventually rescued.Life of Pi EssayRichard Parker and the other animals? In the realistic story Pi encounters a number of challenging, horrific, and life altering events. In the better story, Pi tells how Richard Parker attacks and eats humans, has no morals and is very savage. But once the realistic story is told, it is understood that Richard Parker and Pi are one in the same, and it is really Pi who committed the crimes that he faults on Richard Parker in the first story. Richard Parker acts as an escape for Pi through allowing him to mask his sins, forget negative emotions, and over look his immoral actions.While on a lifeboat for an astounding 227 days Pi commits many sins. While being a devote Christian, Muslim, and Hindu these sins would not be tolerated under any form of desperation within these religions. Pi creates Richard Parker to mask his barbaric actions. In the second story after only a couple weeks at sea Pi and the Chef stole food without Pips mother knowing, Mayo selfish monster screamed Mother. The only reason were running out of food is because youre gorging yourself on it He had some to, he said, nodding my way (Marten 340).Pi was so hungry that when the Chef offered him a ration he ate it without thinking of the consequences. It was very selfish on his part and regret did not hit him until he saw his mothers disappointment. After the Chef kills his mother, Pi takes the next open opportunity to kill him, Then we fought and I killed him (Marten 344). Murder is not accepted under any of Pips religious beliefs but is also against the law in many countries. Pi contradicted his religious beliefs, the one thing that molded his character until the shipwreck. Pi becomes cannibalistic once he kills the Chef, I ate his liver. T off great pieces of his flesh (Marten 345). At this point in the second story Pi is thirsty, starving and now alone, he loses complete touch with his compassion becoming very primal. Being an honest and noble boy Pi would not able to live with himself without an outlet after committing such sins. Pi creates Richard parker as a figurehead to escape and take blame for his primitive moments. Richard Parker, as Pi describes him, is violent, impulsive and much like Pi in his immoral moments on the lifeboat. In the second story Pi becomes brutal and primitive.Once he reaches land Pi does not want to acknowledge such negative and embarrassing behavior. This is his motive for the better story where Richard Parker exemplifies all these negative traits instead of Pi. Pi loses a turtle, which results in the Chef gett ing angry and killing Pips mother, We were starving. I was weak. I couldnt hold on to a turtle. Because of me we lost it. (Marten 343). Pi blames himself for his mothers death. Although the blood was not literally on his hands he feels he is the directly responsible for his mothers death.Pi becomes very anger and hurt when the Chef kills his mother He killed her. The cook killed my mother(Marten 343). Pips mother was the last member of his family. It is understood Pips father and brother died in the shipwreck, and now his mother is also dead. For the first time ever Pi is truly alone and without guidance, he continues to lose touch with his humanity. Pi becomes ruthless and violent after killing the chef, His heart was a struggle- all those tubes that connected it. I managed to get it out. It tasted delicious, far better than a turtle. (Marten 345).The story becomes graphic and gruesome, but gives perfect depiction Of Pips desperation and how far he has strayed from his morals. Th ese traits that Pi displays are not his true character. These traits arise because of his desperation and he is under extreme conditions. It makes sense for Pi to create Richard Parker as a scapegoat, he is ashamed of what he has become and never thought he could possess such immoral traits. Throughout the second story Pi loses his sense of morality. A young Chinese man with a broken leg is a passenger on the lifeboat. His leg becomes infected and theChef convinces Pi and his mother to help amputate it, I can still hear his evil whisper. He would do the job to save the sailors life he said, but we would have to hold him(Maritime 338). Amputating was against Pips morals, and he was well aware it would ultimately kill the sailor. As a result of the amputation the sailor died a painful and horrible death. Pi becomes selfish, primitive and purely survival driven. While aboard the lifeboat Pi is forced to dismiss his vegetarianism, It came easier to me. Found hunger improved the taste of everything. (Marten 343).The reader would think being a devote vegetarian his entire life would make him want to resist the urge to eat meat. Pi is so hungry and so he is pushed to refute his ethics that he has lived with his entire life. The reader wonders, how strong Pips moral compass is with disowning his vegetarian ways so easily. The Chef is brutish and violent, although Pi still accepts him, and sees him as a friend. Richard Parker is an easy passage in Pips mission to escape his sinful actions. Richard Parker allows Pi an outlet to immoral and unethical behavior that would not be tolerated in Pips natural world.But we couldnt ignore him entirely. He was a brute, but a practical brute. He was good with his hands and he knew the sea. He was full Of good ideas. He was the one who thought Of building a raft to help with fishing. If we survived any time at all, it was thanks to him. (Marten 342) Even after butchering the sailor and eating all their rations, Pi accepts the Chefs help even though his methods go against his morals. Under the pressure of the sea Pi quickly and easily dismisses his morals, strays from humanity and becomes annalistic.Richard Parker acts as a perfect guarded, the typical tiger possesses the traits and emotions Pi wants to avoid. Richard Parker acts as an escape for Pi through allowing him to mask his sins, forget negative emotions, and overlook his immoral actions. Pi sees himself before the ship wreck as a holy, positive and honest being, but quickly dismisses all his morals in the light of survival. He becomes primitive, immoral and very annalistic. Pi uses Richard Parker to represent his instinctive mind and serve as an escape from the horrific level of savagery he sank to on the lifeboat. Pi creates Richard Parker as a coping method.Life of Pi EssayThe second event was when Piecing had to tame Richard Parker, the Bengal tiger that he was stuck on the lifeboat with, in order to have even the dimmest hope of survival until bein g rescued. Lastly Pi had to surpass many psychological barriers that his life was shaped around and had to defy his religions. He had to eat meat and fish to keep alive. Overall, these events are just a minor glimpse of what Pi Patella, a sixteen year old boy, faced and how he coped with the obstacles that were thrown at him. Pips entire journey resulted in him experiencing death over ND over again starting with the death of his family.Losing ones parents is always a traumatic event, but losing ones parents at a young age can cause serious mental devastation. When Pi is stranded alone on the lifeboat, he maintained hope that his parents and brother survived the sinking ship they were alive and that they will rescue him shortly. However Pi lost more hope everyday as each day went by until he finally accepted that his parents and brother died on the sinking ship and that they would never come back. They were dead could no longer deny it. What a thing to acknowledge in your heartTO los e a brother is to lose someone with whom you can share the experience of growing old, who is supposed to bring you a sister-in-law and nieces and nephews, creatures to people the tree of your life and give it new branches. To lose your father is to lose the one whos guidance and help you seek who supports you like a tree trunk supports its branches. To lose your mother, well, that is like losing the sun above you. I lay down on the tarpaulin and spent the whole night weeping and grieving, my face buried in my arms. (Page 141) In the quote above, Pi has finally accepted the death of his family and is grieving for his loss.Pi explains his pain vividly by describing the anguish he is currently suffering and the misery he potentially will suffer in the future from the death of each member of his family. As the life span progresses and the individual reaches adulthood, the psychological and interpersonal consequences of this disturbance may manifest in long-term mental health problems, ( Nickering). This quote clarifies that the loss of Pips family could possibly cause severe devastation to his mental and psychological health as he grows older.Even though this might have been one of the most difficult things Pi had to face, his troubles did not end there they had only begun, especially with a man-eating tiger on the same lifeboat as him. Now most humans cannot even stand near a perfectly tamed tiger, the fear would consume us and the self-preservation instinct would cause us to flee. Piecing Patella was trapped on a small lifeboat with a man eating Bengal tiger named Richard Parker. Pi did his best to maintain distance from the tiger even building a small individual raft that he attached to the lifeboat where the tiger could not reach him.Nonetheless, he knew he would have to eventually tame the tiger so he could reach the supplies in the life boat and prolong his survival till he could be rescued. I had to tame him. It was at that moment that I realized this necess ity. It was not a question of him or me, but of him and me. We were, literally and figuratively on the same boat. We would live or we would die together. He might be killed in an accident, or he COOL_SLD die shortly of natural causes, but it would be foolish to count on such an eventuality.Most likely the worst would happen the simple passage of time, n which his animal toughness would easily outlast my human frailty. (Page 1 81 ) This quote demonstrates that Pi eventually came to an understanding that it was not just about him or the tiger it was about both of them. If he was going to survive long enough to be rescued he would have to tame Richard Parker. In terms of symbolism that Yawn Marvel used, Pi would have to face and prevail over his problems. Here tiger represents the troubles and fears that one has to overcome in life and the lifeboat represents life itself.Through the symbolism we can see that by overcoming his fears and robbers Pi is becoming more confident, mature an d in turn mentally strengthened. Richard Parker made his point with me four times. Four times he struck at me with his right paw and sent me overboard, and four times lost my shield. I was terrified before, during and after each attack, and I spent a long time shivering with fear on the raft. Eventually I learned to read the signal he was ending me. I found that his ears, his whiskers, his tale, his teeth and his throat, he spoke a simple, forcefully punctuated language that told me what his next move might be. Earned to back down before he lifted his paw in the air. (page 229) Again from this quote from the novel we can determine that Pi has matured and is examining key details that would help him tame the tiger. Only someone with a clear and mentally strong approach could identify such tiny details and use them to their advantage. Overall the Pips experience of taming a man eating Bengal tiger and overcoming his fears, not only made his survival on the life boat a little easier, b ut it made him mentally stronger as well. With todays modern technology, life boats are equipped with GAPS trackers so Orviss can be easily and rapidly rescued.On the other hand, Pips story took place before many of these technological inventions existed. He survived on that life boat for 227 days straight and one of his biggest concerns was food. Pips life boat did have supplies of food, but they were nowhere even near to what was essential to survive all that time out at sea. Pi knew, that in order to persist he would have to possibly eat meat and fish. Put the hatchet down. I would break its neck, sight unseen, I decided. I wrapped the fish tightly in a blanket. With both hands started bending it.The more I pressed, the more the fish struggled. I imagined whit it would feel like if I were wrapped in a blanket and someone were trying to break my neck. Was appalled. I gave up a number of times. Yet I knew it had to be done and the longer waited, the longer the fishs suffering would go on. (Page 202-203) The quote above explains how Pi had trouble killing the fish and eating it. He could not get over the emotional and psychological issues with killing and eating the fish, even though he knew if he was going to survive, he would eventually have to do it.On top of his own feelings and emotions, Pi followed Hinduism which clearly states that killing and eating another living creature is a sin. This does not apply to honoring the remnants of ambassador or sanctified food first offered to Lord Krishna and then eaten by the spiritual preceptors who mercifully leaves some for their devotees which is then glorified by them smash ambassador. Madhya means unsanctioned foods due to not having been consecrated by first offering it to the Supreme Lord and thus impure. Partaking of foods in tama guan such as meat, fish, fowl, eggs, wine, alcohol, etc. Reeds dark insistence and great ignorance. Baghdad Gait, Chapter 1 7, verses 8, 9, and 10) This is a passage from the sacred holy scripture of Hinduism, the Baghdad Gait. Pi had read almost all of the holy scriptures of all the religions he followed and obeyed most of what they preached. Since the Baghdad Gait said it was against the religions beliefs to eat meat, it caused a serious moral dilemma within him. In the end he had to eat both fish and meat in order to useve. By doing so he was once again scarred for life, which caused further mental devastation. Though Pi suffered al these traumatic events, he survived and was eventually rescued.