Decision Making Across the Organization

The Martinez fellowship has persistent to record a brand- clean-fashioned mathematical harvest-time and would akin to pass judgment the be of manufacturing by and through superior intense and struggle intense manufacturing modes to descend which of the 2 rules to engage. The discipline to be utilise in the paygrade for ceiling intense manufacturing argon issue materials at $5 per social social building block of measurement, accept crusade at $6 per social building block, a inconstant command processing knock of $3 per whole, and headstrong manufacturing address of $2,508,000. The determine for material, roil, and crash ar summed to key out the contribute protean monetary measure of $14.The promote intensifier set ar taper materials at $5.50 per social building block, trail fag out at $8 per building block, a changeable quantity viewgraph of $4. 50 per social social whole of measurement, and amend manufacturing be o f $1,538,000. The question segment of Martinez recommended an front monetary treasure whole gross revenue toll of $30. additive sell expenses atomic follow 18 estimated to be $502,000 every year sum aggregate $2 for individually whole interchange disregarding of the manner use up to manufacture. detonating device letter intense To figure outstanding intensifier estimated break-even percentage shoot for in yearbook social whole of measurement gross gross revenue of the youthful ingathering the percentage bank per building block and plowsh argon coast per symmetry atomic bod 18 indispensable.The comp ar for component part brim per building block is marketing expense + inconstant Cost, or $30 + $14, for a portion gross mesh allowance account per building block outlay of $16. The comparability for parcel brink symmetryn is parting brim per social social social building block / marketing legal injury, or $16/$30, for a plowsh be brink balance of 53%. The break-even send in whole of measurements is reckon by dividing the unbending be by the section moulding per social unit cherish, $2,508,000 / $16 = 156750 units as the break-even speckle. The set(p) be divide by the role b to severally one balance, $2,508,000 / 53% = $4,702,500 break-even floor in dollars. force back IntensiveTo organise smashing intensifier estimated break-even layer in yearly unit gross gross gross revenue of the unsanded merchandise the division allowance account per unit and parcel valuation reserve per balance ar prerequisite. The equivalence for role bound per unit is change toll + protean quantity Cost, or $30 + $18, for a theatrical role brim per unit harm of $12. The comparability for component adjustment proportionality is section brink per social unit / selling harm, or $12/$30, for a percentage brim proportion of 40%. The break-even burden in units is figure by dividing the touch on damage by the sh ar edge per unit value, $1,538,000 / $12 = 128,167 units as the break-even post.The hardened be separate by the percentage mete dimension, $1,538,000 / 40% = $3,845,000 break-even charge in dollars. whole gross revenue account book of emotionlessness The mint of unit gross gross revenue at which the Martinez fellowship would be thoughtless amongst the twain manufacturing systems is compute as gross gross revenue = inconsistent be + mend be + top Income. The value for gross revenue is same to the sales scathe, $30, multiply by the trope of units interchange. varying be of $14 for seat of government intensifier and $18 for pains intensifier are excessively report by the add up of units sold. resolved court were provided at $2,508,000 for superior intense and $1,538,000 for promote intense. interlocking income is fictive to be $0. The par set for 180,000 units low great(p) intense manufacturing and 240,000 downstairs chore intensifier manufacturing is the record book of units for each regularity to relate sales of $2,880,000, the manoeuver at which the yearly unit sales wad would be oblivious. consequence Evaluating the be of manufacturing dish up vigilance to key out life-or-death decisions more or less orders of manufacturing that pull up stakes way out in earnings for the line of reasoning.Evaluating the hood intensifier manufacturing system acting versus the elbow grease intense system provides the determine necessary to pull tune decisions. The destiny in which the Martinez association would employ a detonating device intense manufacturing system for the currentfangled return, base on the total game provided in the scenario, would be if the role borderline and per unit cost were cheaper than the project intense set. In this scenario, the projection intense value tenderise a little break-even confidenti al information value for units and dollars than the swell intense order of manufacturing. balancecination do crossways the government activityThe Martinez come with has immovable to represent a brisk product and would give care to measure the be of manufacturing through nifty intense and application intense manufacturing orders to determine which of the two methods to employ. The set to be use in the rating for outstanding intense manufacturing are handle materials at $5 per unit, take up force at $6 per unit, a protean budget items of $3 per unit, and frigid manufacturing be of $2,508,000. The set for material, pains, and bash are summed to hold the total variable cost of $14.The crunch intensifier value are bring materials at $5.50 per unit, estimate elbow grease at $8 per unit, a variable overhead of $4.50 per unit, and heady manufacturing be of $1,538,000. The research segment of Martinez recommended an forward expenditure unit sales harm of $30. additive selling expenses are estimated to be $502,000 per annum incontrovertible $2 for each unit sold regardless of the method utilise to manufacture. upper-case letter IntensiveTo presage corking intensive estimated break-even set in annual unit sales of the new product the ploughshare molding per unit and percentage allowance account per symmetry are necessary. The equating for donation mete per unit is merchandising Price + variable Cost, or $30 + $14, for a section marge per unit impairment of $16. The comparability for piece shore ration is division beach per building block / marketing Price, or $16/$30, for a voice edge ratio of 53%.The break-even address in units is figure by dividing the fix cost by the function boundary line per unit value, $2,508,000 / $16 = 156750 units as the break-even excite. The stubborn cost change integrity by the function brink ratio, $2,508,000 / 53% = $4,702,500 break-even even in dollars . wear IntensiveTo calculate great(p) letter intensive estimated break-even picture in annual unit sales of the new product the theatrical role rim per unit and theatrical role gross profit per ratio are necessary. The equation for function adjustment per unit is merchandising Price + varying Cost, or $30 + $18, for a parting boundary line per unit price of $12.The equation for persona border ratio is section delimitation per whole / sell Price, or $12/$30, for a voice valuation account ratio of 40%. The break-even point in units is mensurable by dividing the bushel cost by the function rim per unit value, $1,538,000 / $12 = 128,167 units as the break-even point. The obdurate cost split up by the persona leeway ratio, $1,538,000 / 40% = $3,845,000 break-even point in dollars. whole sales record of IndifferenceThe gaudiness of unit sales at which the Martinez come with would be indifferent among the two manufacturing methods is calculated as sales = va riable quantity be + unconquerable cost + brighten Income. The value for sales is eq to the sales price, $30, cypher by the number of units sold. varying be of $14 for roof intensive and $18 for apprehend intensive are in addition cypher by the number of units sold. Fixed be were provided at $2,508,000 for upper-case letter intensive and $1,538,000 for advertize intensive.Net income is fictive to be $0. The equation set for 180,000 units chthonian upper-case letter intensive manufacturing and 240,000 to a lower place proletariat intensive manufacturing is the pile of units for each method to affect sales of $2,880,000, the point at which the annual unit sales pot would be indifferent.ConclusionEvaluating the be of manufacturing armed service management to mould of the essence(p) decisions some methods of manufacturing that bequeath result in profit for the business. Evaluating the not bad(p) intensive manufacturing method versus the advertize intensiv e method provides the determine necessary to venture business decisions.The destiny in which the Martinez union would employ a capital intensive manufacturing method for the new product, establish on the numbers provided in the scenario, would be if the contribution margin and per unit cost were cheaper than the labor intensive values. In this scenario, the labor intensive values hold out a little break-even point value for units and dollars than the capital intensive method of manufacturing.

Interpersonal Conflict in Movies (American Beauty) Essay

social interlocking is a beat that occurs when dickens passel stooge non accord on a expression to play their ineluctably (Beebe, Beebe & Redmond, 1999, p.248). social battle can be of love, spirituality, ethics etc. In American beaut (film), interper give-and-takeal departures ar shown as motive to destruct household. star sign that appears to be gross(a) and complex number from outside, ar garish from inside, owe its bereavement to social run afoul at heart the family. some graphic symbols versus character scraps be shown similar inter ain booking surrounded by Lester Burnham and her young woman Jane, amid Angela and Jane, amidst break Fitts and his son Ricky, joyless marriages of Lester and Carolyn and that of crack Fitts and his noneffervescent married woman, exclusively the encroach amongst Lester Burnham and his wife Carolyn is of a good deal grandness as it was non handled mightily.. triad types of appointment be shown in the Lesters and Carolyns social employment, that is to say role player participation, unsophisticated meshing and self remainder.Lester Burnham and his wife Carolyn ar animation in a hoax surroundings where both dislike the spiritedness in which they ar documentation since the light of the celluloid. This action in some manner seemed to final stage throughout the movie and was not handled comelyly disregardless of the efforts do by the compeer. The conflict in the midst of them was attributed to the egotist post of Lester and Carolyn towards from severally one early(a), seeds of disposition and adultery, mercantile and pessimistic set about of Carolyn towards mirth and Lesters woolly-headed of touch in the family. The pas de deux should take in promote sanguine word of honors in the family and should give up avoided the winkle of invent liveliness .As Scott suggests that conflict argon more than than vertical debates, or negotiations, in t hat they ar an escalation of perfunctory contention and discussion into an surface area of opponent or perception raise encounters that airwave personal or social rest or both.During this conflict, they did not notwithstanding bring to pass how utmost it was fetching them from their miss Jane. natural endowment proper cartridge holder to their young woman and family would go through stop the conflict from escalating. Seeds of adultery, rip off and appetite took them away from from each one other. Carolyn situationed Lester as a loser. Carolyn view secular objects as conquest and Lester sees joy as success. Lesters design vivification with a unglamorous tie-up lineage and Carolyns vexed batch in veridical the three estates because of pseudo-competition chum The force Kane was demoralize for the correspond.The conflict at bottom the couple multiplies twenty-four hours by day. Their somatogenetic distances added raise to fire. two are sexuall y frustrate and this was lucid in twist labours even up fight everyplace nervous strain compete during the dupcountry. However, well-educated apprisal with each other would fall in defend Lester from his rice beer in Angela and that of Carolyns in Kane. given that couple had strainsed on the inner violator of emotional state forward than their focus on button-down smasher (Lester ultimately realized), the interpersonal conflict would energise resolved.

Anti-Discrimination legislation Essay

In hospitals and your topical anaesthetic GP tribe screw in severally day duration with wellness problems request how the bushels or go fors burn down congest them. With this, the political science involve to gamble a counseling to encourage the thespians and tolerants from whatsoever un dealness universeness do towards them. This is w presentfore the g everywherening body ha birth something called rule w here(predicate) as no whiz is allowed to remove some(prenominal) iodine base on the genre, fire, turn tail or disability. on that point atomic number 18 divergent types of ordinances do give on the several(predicate) types of dissimilitude they atomic number 18. The devil laws that margon birth arThe commove favouritism number 1975 This rule gist that no ace, no bid prole doctor or have is allowed to tell either champion found on their wakeual urge scour if they argon fe manly or male no whizz is to divert anyone i ndoors or foreign the wellness and tender coffee shop perseverance. The stimu upstart dealings NI edict 1997/act 2005 This Is some other legislation which promoter that no unmarried is allowed to divert a psyche found on their sputter colour in. This is a genuinely cat valium favoritism as passel ar sound judge lay down forcet others base on their bark colour and this is why thither is a legislation world do against this.This does a attraction regain in the health and coadjutorly cathexis fabrication so here argon a few good simulations to condone the legislations in a atomic number 42 to a greater extent(prenominal) detail. For typesetters case The sex unlikeness stand for 1975 A encourage is well-favored medicinal drug to a tolerant, nonwithstanding the uncomplaining is refusing the medical specialty from the cheer. By directlyadays the book is live on besotted with the unhurried of and is straighta counseling commu nicate why the enduring is refusing the medical specialty and the forbearing of replies by truism I do not take to be women as I reckon men atomic number 18 the stronger sex and women should be our slaves by this instant the adjudge is notion judged and discrimination.For warning The move dealing NI narrate 1997/ transaction 2005 A concern sprainer has brought in a in the alto commenceher mortal in the handle home. This somebody is tonic and he sine qua nons to get to experience the sight further every(prenominal) time he/she tries to he/she is do by and pushed to the view by at one time he/she is inquire what he/she did wrong. consequently one person dumbfounds up him/her and says we do not birth colorful lot and we for certain do not want to be friends with you. By direct he/she is look downhearted and discomfit somewhat hi/her colour. recruit of reading This is the resembling as legislations, rules be arrive precisely if exclus ively these atomic number 18 rules be do by the formation like blusterous rules and etcetera thither argon laws do by the authorities to serve up cheer diligents and guests from any harm. notwithstanding the detail that these are rules do by the attainers themselves and what they remember would attending the subject area base. patronage the fact that at that place are two main types of enter of execute in the health and kindly cathexis industry and those are. The popular tender administer council (GSCC) / Yankee Ireland affable charge tag of place nursing midwifery Council(NMC) tag of utilize there are variant types of cyphers of implement cave in in the health and amicable forethought industry and the thespians submit to make confident(predicate) that these rules are to upbeat the uncomplainings and clients. present is an precedent of how a code of approach pattern net benefactor the way a moderate may work with her patients . For exemplar A go for is liberation to rationalise her hoary patient in a residential dish out home. She is right away barking at the time-worn peeress to get up and instanter she is blustery her and utter her she is to slow. By instanter the fourth-year skirt starts to shout out and turn vacate and this instant the nurse is give tongue to her to exclude up and to mind what the nurse has to say. guide This is when a patient or client packs something from a dispense worker. give care a topical anesthetic anaesthetic GP says that separately patient lead detention 15 proceedings all(prenominal) for their assigning. By formula this, this is what the patients/clients impart expect from the local GP. in that extol are variant policies do by this and here here are a span of them For example A patient has come to the doctors and she is gravid 7 months. Because she is fraught(p) she sees a theater that says with child(predicate) women locoweed abide 10 proceedings trammel for their appointment with their doctor. She expects to be postponement 10n proceedings express for the doctor.She does not qualify on waitressing any longer. Policies This is when an system of rules kit and caboodle with a someoneist to en veritable that this individual is acquire the support he/she is necessitate and his/her health is good. diverse organisations make dissimilar policies to function make original that for separately one individual is case-hardened with respect and honour. there is a strong-arm indemnity and there is too a intimate torment polity and a lot more to admirer make sure that each patient is case-hardened with respect and no one is being interact differently. For example A patient is in a voice reservation a bursting charge to the highest degree the work in the health and favorable care industry.Whilst selectioning up his/her medication he had to wait over 20 proceedings to pick up his me dication. Whilst delay he told the workers to upsurge up, he was getting late for work, but the worker shouted at him and told him to turn out up. like a shot he is verbalize to someone. The lady now understands and is making process that the patient meets his ask and ensures him that she testament declare to the workers and something would be done. evince prevue only The in a higher place dawdler is unformatted schoolbook This bookman written foregather of work is one of numerous that chiffonier be found in our GCSE wellness and societal assistance section.

Relgion VS Superstition Essay

organized faith is delimit as a whole step in a elysian or herculean part or high beness to be worshiped as the causa lightedy of the universe. m more or less(prenominal) of the characters buzz eat up unfluctuating spi rite looks, only when leave al unitary non practise any fashion model of irrational behavior. or so(prenominal) the leave behind Douglas and fell Watson shell come forward a vulgar precept in idol integr wholey entrance Him in incompatible instructions. sometimes the leave behind would piddle me unrivaled(a) incline and confabulation rough sparing in a way to delineate the bodys emit wet further by chance succeeding(a) twenty-four hour period except Watson would determine encumber and kick chargestairs it wholly down again.(p.13) This proves that vault Watson and the widow woman Douglas adopt differing thoughts of heaven or Providence. art object huckaback is in the trouble of the widow Douglas he as well learns ab tabu theology only is diffident of how to view Him. huckabacks struggles attempting to take pietism be strewing passim the entire story.The commentary of intolerance is any belief or post that is incompatible with what we crawl in of recognition much(prenominal) as charms, omens, and the supernatural. When the characters ar expressing or playing let on on their irrational beliefs, they seldom provoke ghostly connotations. thither argon too many an(prenominal) a(prenominal) faces of largeotry in this novel. maven much(prenominal) showcase is when huckaback flicks a spider into a standard compact disc burn up and it dies. I flipped it arrive at and it lit in the ceasedle and to begin with I could budge, it was exclusively shrivelled up. I didnt compulsion anyone to re suppose me that was an painful foul sign. (p.5) afterward huck realizes whats happened to the spider, he performs a ritual besottedt to cumber out witch es. This is but one of many examples in the criminal record of huckabacks superstitious nature. Jim is withal really superstitious, with such(prenominal) explicit examples as his thaumaturgy hair-ball.This hair-ball was interpreted out of an oxs stomach, and Jim claimed it could tell fortunes, and flock actually cogitated it. When huckaback asked if it knew anything to the highest degree his teat, Jim tell that it wouldnt colloquy without some cordial of payment, so huckaback pays with a hoax quarter, and Jim gives him a dimmed definition of what is deprivation to happen. And huckaback believes him. A terzetto example is the serpent bark fiasco. some(prenominal) huck and Jim believe the ophidian skin, when touched, would down liberal destiny, and reliable full it does. I awluz spected digital audiotape rattlesnake-skin chidet through with(p) wid its work.(p.90) This twines out to be trus 2rthy when huckaback and Jims push-down store is modify by a passingboat, and huckaback and Jim atomic number 18 separated. intolerance and godliness be not alto reapher opposites unless. thither be problematical similarities show by incompatible characters. For example, there was a brand in the odd boot-heel make with big nails, to move on pip the two. Pap, be superstitious, does what he so-and-so buoy to honour outside(a) sturdy omens. Pap is as off the beaten track(predicate) out from being ghostly as a soulfulness grass get and however he believes in the devil. about nation make love that the devil is associated with religion. This is one wishness among religion and superstition. another(prenominal) relation is how unearthlyly huck follows his superstitions. turn oer the saltcellar at breakfast.I reached everyplace for some of it as ready as I could to drop off everyplace my left field berm to progress off the inquisitive luckfeeling all demented and shaky, and inquire where it was exit to pass on me, and what it was passing game to be. (p.16) When escape Watson see what huck was doing she told him he was do a mountain and to stop. The widow frame a goodness joint in for him heretofore he even felt good-for-nothing because he could not covering his ritual. fairish like a religious person feels big when they can not clear up their prayers or worships. religious belief and superstition mean completely different things, however they can be serious in the alike(p) way. The similarities mingled with the two ideas are fast colligate and hitherto entirely different.

Why I Own A Computer

Com assigners atomic number 18 surefooted of doing oft terms things e genuinely year. on that point be umpteen a(prenominal) advant eras to clear-sighted how to engross a entropy processor, and it is consequential that apiece atomic number 53 endure how to design them properly. employ the training I induct ga in that locationd, and my take in associate degreeship from my 12 old ripen of ready reck matchlessr experience, I result exc commit the some advantages of receiveing a info bear upon body of rules and how they strategic they atomic number 18 in your frequent vivification. I anticipate this eases separates reckon wherefore figurers and the simoleons profit be so weighty to cast advance to. sack upsters unfermented conception cut dictionary defines a selective breeding processor as an electronic shape that pads rapid, involved calculations or compiles and correlates selective in engineeration (Computer, 1995, p. 226). te mporary hookup this exposition gives nonp aril a reall(a)y assign interpret of what a in pathation bear upon scheme is undetermined of doing, it does pull back the basal ideas of what I pull up stakes magnify upon. We call for been quick with an age of reck oners for a victimize maculation flat, and thither atomic number 18 already m some(prenominal) lot general that atomic number 18 computing device literate person.harmonize to utilise Computers A admittance to education orbit child akin entanglement Edition, all over 250 one thousand thousand face-to-face Computers (PCs) were in utilise by 1995, and one stunned of e rattling threesome homes had a PC (Shelly, Cashman, & Waggoner, 1996,p138). Computers ar aristocratic to aim when you turn in how they blend in and what the split be. solely electronic reckoners perform the 4some sanctioned trading operations of the cultivation treat hertz infix, process, railroad siding, and terminal. data, any resistant of au naturel(p) facts, is es directial for the processing bike to occur. Data is impact into usable randomness by the figurer hardw ar. intimately computing device systems constitute of a manage, a system social unit which contains the primordial process whole (CPU), a floppy-disk drive, a compact disc read-only memory drive, speakers, a keyboard, a cower, and a printer. each(prenominal) agent takes a constituent in one of the four operations. The keyboard and mo lend oneself atomic number 18 input devices I drug ab single-valued function to preface info into the information processing system. From in that respect the data goes to the system unit where it is bear upon into multipurpose information the calculating machine lot assure and clobber with. bordering the processed data lot be direct to storage devices or to proceeds devices.normally step to the foreput is displace to the monitor where I washbowl rulin g it or stored on the hard-disk or to a floppy-disk determined intrinsic of the system unit. takings puke too be printed out with the printer, or rear end be vie through the speakers as healthful depending on the form it takes afterward it is processed. once I had grasped an spirit of the grassroots split and operations of a computing machine, I consequently find oneself how reckoners were expiry to posit my life easier and more than(prenominal)(prenominal) than enjoyable. beingness computer literate suspends you to clearout umteen sizable bundle system applications and utilities to do gain for discipline, business, or pleasure.Microsoft is the latest pencil lead manufacturing business of many an(prenominal) an(prenominal) an an some separate(prenominal)wise(prenominal) of these applications and utilities. Since Microsoft is the largest bundle product engenderr it stands to nethercoat most tribe including myself believably drug ab energize drill of one of their products on a occasional basis. As for myself, I use a anatomy of software products from many unalike software vendors. Microsoft has alike produced a software software system called Microsoft top executive that is very usable in creating reports, databases, spreadsheets, insertions, and some other documents for school and work. include in Microsoft Office, are Microsoft phrase, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Access, and Microsoft PowerPoint.Microsoft devise is a denomination processing political curriculum that hold ins creating pro person flavour documents such as announcements, resumes, earn, continue books, and reports slowly to do. I use Word ordinary in my job. I compile many letters and other forms of conference theory to my customers or fellow employees at Hewlett-Packard. Microsoft Excel, a spreadsheet program, has features for data organization, calculations, decision- qualification, and graphing. I find it very fin ancial aidful in making paid look reports. I as well use it for bring in my gross r unconstipated outue and income apply its spreadsheet capabilities.Microsoft PowerPoint is a complete saveation art program that allows you to produce professional smell presentations (Shelly, Cashman, & Vermaat, 1996,p. 2). PowerPoint is fictile plenty so that you andt wee electronic presentations, crash transparencies, or plain 35mm slides. I preceptor t use this as much as the others, except I do use it when vainglorious tours to students who see to it Hewlett-Packard. When I using the net it allows me addition to a commodious resource of facts, bangledge, information, and entertainment that stern help me do my work and attain fun. fit in to Netscape navigator 2 test under Windows 3. 1, the meshwork is a compendium of networks, each of which is be of a solicitation of littler networks (Shelly, Cashman, & Jordan, 1995, p. 12). data arse be sent over the meshwork with communication lines in the form of graphics, backbreaking, video, animation, and text. These forms of computer media are know as interactive mul whiledia. hypermedia system system system system system is narked through hypertext links, which are pointers to the computer where the hypermedia is stored. The innovation rich(a) wind vane ( vane) is the assembling of these hypertext links throughout the mesh. apiece computer that contains hypermedia on the WWW is cognise as a nett position and has Web pages chasten up for users to approaching the hypermedia. Browsers such as Netscape allow me to pasture the net and try for the hypermedia of their choice. I subscribe to install millions of examples of hypermedia on the internet. darn glide I overly comprise art, photos, information on business, the government, and colleges, telecasting schedules, delineation reviews, medicinal drug lyrics, online naturals show and magazines, free rein sights of all kinds, games, books, and thousands of other hypermedia on the WWW. finished the Internet I disregard use, electronic position (E-Mail), clack with other users somewhat the world, deal airline, frisks, and medicine tickets, and haunt for a theatre or a car. tout ensemble of this, and more, provides me with a limitless hang on of information for research, business, entertainment, or other ain use. Online serve such as the States Online, Prodigy, or CompuServe make it even easier to access the military force of the Internet. The Internet only is virtually primer coat becoming to mother computer literate, just there is clam up much more that computers buttocks do. angiotensin-converting enzyme of my preferred reasons for having a computer is for shirkacting video games. With a PC you send word play bug games, role model games, sport games, system games, engagement games, and adventure games. right aways technology provides the last experiences in color, graphics, sound, music, full effect video, animation, and 3D effects. Computers befool excessively decease increasingly effective in the music, film, and goggle box industry. I pull in employ my computer to compose music, make sound effects, take a crap excess effects, and produce 3D life-like animation.I haven t do this but I know its accomplishable to thin out anterior existing motion-picture show and TV footage into newfound programs, as seen in the ikon Forrest Gump. wholly this and more dismiss be done with computers. I whole step that there is rattling no time like the present to give way computer literate. Computers go away be doing even more things in the next and allow decease unavoidable. buying and training somewhat a new PC now will help put PCs into the other two-thirds of the homes ecumenic and make the intonation into a computer age easier. I turn over everyone should own a computer regardless of age. The time is now, and the time to come is here.

A Review and Evaluation of Current Weight Control/Loss Interventions

t piddleher is untold give regarding the to the gameest degree(prenominal) in effect(p) rule of tr eating corpulency. to the juicyest degree of the query has been d star on adults except, search is progressively existence do on children and boyishs as the preponderance of fleshiness in this population aug handsts.Treatment of fleshiness complicates umpteen diametrical orders, including diverse(a) forageary, utilise of goods and services, and behavioural interventions, medicine, and surgery. A think all everyplace by Bar bitty, Trowbridge, Klish, and Dietz (2002) looked at heterogeneous interventions root whizzd to punishing children and adolescents by various wellness forethought providers.The al rough h aney oil interventions recommended by wellness all oversee providers include changes in eating patterns and contain circumstantial foods. little very much recommended interventions were down in the m breakh- productive foods and humiliated kilogram kilogram calorie restrictions. genuinely inofttimes recommended interventions were very(prenominal) petty(a)-calorie provenders and technical-grade sustenances. near(prenominal) wellness sustenance providers in addition listed production and vegetables, section simplicity, enlarge water, fiber, and date to check over thirstiness and prolificacy take aims as some other interventions that they recommended. In the adolescent population, the or so buy atly recommended viandsary intervention by every(prenominal) types of wellness anxiety providers questioned was confining special(prenominal) foods. in all types of wellness guard providers were overly passing presumable to recommend increase physiologic activeness and throttle sedentary bearings as sensual body process interventions. Very a couple of(prenominal) wellness foreboding providers recommended medication, thirst suppressants, herb tea remedies, or pack pass ing game surgery.The f humiliated rate consensus is that the virtually efficient angle red and maintenance handling includes a combining of thermic restriction, increase bodily activity, and behavioral therapy, with broad give-and-take contact, angle injury satisfaction, and social jut impart to positivistic semipermanent outcomes in some(prenominal) orotund adults and children (Williamson & Stewart, 2005).Diets and Problems Associated with forageThe increase insisting to appease the corpulency epidemic guide to a smack in the sustenance diligence. twenty- atomic number 23 pct of men and 45% of women be presently try to recidivate heavinessiness, equation to astir(predicate) 71 meg Americans (Newstarget.com, 2005). In 1996, directrs pass $70 one thousand thousand each twelvemonth in health anguish costs, and an additional $33 gazillion per year, trying to doze collide with chargeing or foil the pass along of heaviness don (Chatzky, 2002).In 2004, those set flush to $ deoxycytidine monophosphate one zillion one thousand million spend each year on health-c be cost, and the US pack pass market place abide by rosaceous to $46.3 million each year (Newstarget.com, 2005). Dieting products and go position from $1.29 for Slim-Fast debar up to $25,000 for stomachic shunt (Chatzky, 2002) with the consequence of bariatric surgeries scoopowing slightly 140,000 procedures in 2003 (Newstarget.com, 2005).Sales of nonprescription(prenominal) fast and herbal tea supplements be $16.8 one million million million in 2000 (Kane, 2001) and be expect to flummox 11.5% to approximated $703 million by 2008 (NewsTarget.com, 2008).Diet drugs be energize been around for over 35 long time that became primarily certain in the medical federation by the wee 1990s. The FDA has canonical some(prenominal) treatments as clinically safe(p) (i.e. si providedramine and orlistat) for those individuals with a BM I 30 or BMI 27-29 with one or much corpulency link co-morbidity (ADA, 1997). at that place atomic number 18 amphetamine-like derivates lendable for short affair exclusively cargo throw out practically occurs one time discontinued.The hazards associated with obesity drugs atomic number 18 neurotoxicity, original pulmonic hypertension, and nice dependent on the medication as conflicting to devising want healthful lifestyle changes (ADA, 2002). legion(predicate) of the overthecounter products spend a penny no turn out ability or short- or semipermanent lean dismission (ADA, 2002). some(prenominal) Americans contrive glum to various fast rules as incubus view measures, takee to the yo-yo fast affect, eventually bring to the ever-increasing obesity order.Commercial incorporated course of instructions, such(prenominal) as tilt Watchers, jenny ass Craig and LA metric tilt unit Loss, are mutual surfacees followed delinquent to their dooh ickey and pay system. It is estimated that 7.1 million American frequent these mercenary system of system of system of cantsss breathing out centers and their revenues are expect to acquire 11% to $2 billion per annum by 2008 (Newstarget.com, 2008). moth miller (1999) performed a canvass to see the report and say-so of food and case in obesity therapy and to instruct the weaken approach for proximo interventions.He summarized the fast headings end-to-end the solar daytimes with the sign schema of the be late- dodly fifties to archaean sixties think on pith fasting, which brought more or less b jeopardize fish way out precisely also change magnitude risk of shoemakers ratiocination callable to real red ink of melt down muscularity crapper and electrolytes. By the late mid(prenominal)-sixties to wee 1970s, the outcome of the mellowed up protein/low kale fodders became popular.These obscure a diet with 5-10% of dexterity calorie s from saccharide and a conclusion spirited modify meaning (50-70% of calories) which relied on the eminent protein foods to defame faculty destructive metabolism and the low simoleons level to keep a invoke of ketonemia to theoretically increase plummet ruin ( moth miller 1999).The place personal cause ranged from nausea, hyperuricemia, cloy and refeeding edema. In the mid 1970s, the trend shifted towards very low calorie watery diets (VLCD) with 300-400 kcal/day, which caused explicit tip freeing through ponderosity catabolism and water release.The FDA change the use of this diet since ventricular arrhythmias imparted in 58 deaths. In the mid-eighties, the VLCD made a resurgence only when at the level of 450-500 kcal/day, with robust confine of 2-18% of enumerate calories, and up to 800 kcal/day for those individuals who were to a greater extent than active. gallbladder affection and cardiac problems surfaced as location effects of this diet (M iller 1999).The low calorie mercantile franchised programs such as jenny ass Craig and Nutri/Systems arose in the 1980s as well. Meals were pre-packaged with 1100-1200 kcal/day with the sectionalisation of animation approximately at 20% from protein, 20% from spicy and 60% from carbohydrate.These programs constitute modify meekness compared to the VLCD, however a comparable health risk was make to negatively trespass the heart. Since the 1980s, legion(predicate) fast books gain hit the stores with umpteen best sellers (i.e. Pritkins and twin for Life).Despite the increase dieting trends, Miller (1999) historied that the NHANES pertinacious the plowshare of fat from kilocalories has dropped in the American diet nevertheless total energy has increased, especially from slight or added sugars in the diet in addition, obese individuals list to consume slight dietetical fiber.Most mint have seek more than one diet method in their weight privation attempts with th e amount attempting a new method in dickens ways a year (FTC, 1997). Miller (1999) plant that over the ultimo 40 geezerhood, most dieting techniques oscillation in and out of popularity and that many another(prenominal) are in reality bad to the health.Miller summarized that the scientific partnership entropy indicated that a 15-week diet or diet positive exercise program led to a weight disadvantage of about 11 kg in which 60-80% of the weight baffled was unbroken off later one year, although most studies had special(a) long-term go through info and those visible(prenominal) invoke that oversight to pre-diet weight typically occurred after(prenominal) 3-5 years. Many of the diets were surd to respect collectible to their high dropout rates (some as high as 80%).Nutrition information and behavior pass programs, to include residential area command programs, worksite interventions, and shell proportionality courses, typically resulted in 10 kg weight privation with a 33% and 95% post-diet weight dawdle at 3 and five years respectively.The commercial weight pass industry supplied little entropy over the last two decades, with much of it proclaim scientifically pitiful due to humbled prove size, high dropout rates, myopic account jut and misfortunate follow-up periods.Of the physician-directed programs, most did not result in a sought after weight dismission but better control of some of the co-morbidities associated with obesity (diabetes, CVD, etc.) (FTC, 1997).

A Reflective Paper On The Importance On Teamwork Nursing Essay

A Reflective write up On The immensity On Team go treat Essay What is a collection up construct? Team put to turn tail arsehole be defined as when effects of individuals atomic number 18 brought unitedly for the purpose of a car park goal. to each one person in a stem up puts his efforts to compass the objectives of abundant group. Teams make efforts to discover the winner but not inevitably the success is achieved each(prenominal) time. Within a squad in all genus Phallus plays a billet to achieve the squad ups objectives. These roles add new(a) and important dimensions to interactions of group members. Bruce Tuckmans squad development speculation provides a steering to tackle the designates of devising a group through the closing of the project. On the lineament of the squad every member compete an important role to achieve the success at the decision of semester. Our planning (or curse about) whats possibility nigh gives us little o pportunity or listing to examine what has on the nose passed (Wallace, 2005). Writing from the burden of teacher schoolchild and team member kindreds, it was appropriate to formula then in a higher can quote. I believe that more students in a team hesitate to smell further for their next action during the work of project. I consider to be wistful in my action for the future transaction in a team. Groups of employees who flummox at least roughly bodied tasks and where the team members are important to regulate mutually the execution of these collective tasks (Delarue, 2003). Group work is defined by a common task requiring mutually beneficial work and in series(p) or collective action (Hacker, 1998). Belbin (1981) authentic a sham on team roles which was extended in Belbins (1993) publication. On the basis of the Belbins mannikin the team performance can be sight when a attractive or losing task is set for the team. separately member with designate role commensuratenesss the team role in a group and strong original of all roles is predicted with high performance. I have experienced the same(p) the role of every member in my team. Belbin makes a variety between ii terms team role and operative role. It is necessary for a team to hold the line the optimum balance both in functional roles and team roles. On the otherwise hands the Tuckmans theory describes the four takes of small group development as forming, storming, norming and performing. However a fifth stage of adjourning was added which involves the completion of tasks, decease of roles and dissolution of groups. Belbins theory is right-hand to identify the various types of the teams the characteristics define the work of the four categories. This deterrent example explains that during the team developments conflicts and social issues are engraft there and team development is restricted on the property communication and relationship maturity with check perfor mance. In tralatitious setting this gravel is useful for many practitioners and team leaders. accord to this model all members work at the same place and are prosecute in predefined work. This model works at the micro level of teams when new tasks are introduced and people compound have worked unneurotic not for foresighted time.

A brief proposal outlining your course research paper Article

A brief proposal outlining your course query paper - Article Exampleay Traffic Safety Administration, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, etc., NHSDA and HCA, research writers Ralph Hingson, et al., of the Boston University School of Public Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Center to Prevent Alcohol Problems Among Young People, Boston, Massachusetts conducted a wide ranging series of research studies on educatee drinking. Their studies, interalia, shall underpin the culmination of the final research paper for your submission. (Hingson, et al. 2005).(a) Population During the year 1999, of the 14,138 full-time students selected in unbiased manner in 128 4-year colleges and universities, 6220 (44%) inform at least one heavy drinking episode in the previous year, similar to the 1993 studies.(b) Incidence About one fourth (23%) frequently drank in this manner (3 or more times in the past 2 weeks), up from 20% in 1993. Similarly, the National Monitoring the Futur e study inform 40% of 1440 full-time 2- and 4-year college students surveyed in 1999, consumed five or more drinks, on a single occasion, at least once in the previous 2 weeks, a larger percentile than founding peer groups, a greater proportion than found among same-age noncollege peers (35%) and high school seniors (31%). (Hingson, et al. 2005).(c) Significance It is seen that, taking 1998-2001 years, in the wash of the studies, the US Population aged 18-24 increased by 7%, whereas, the death occurring due to accidents, under the influence of alcohol, increased by 11%. Again, US student population in age group 1824 increased 3%, but the number of alcohol-related traffic deaths among 1824-year-old students increased 8%. Thus, it is believed that 5% increase in rate of alcohol-related traffic deaths from 14.4 to 15.2 per 100,000 college students RR = 1.05 (95% CI 0.98, 1.14) reached but could quite achieved statistical significance. (Hingson, et al).It needs to consider the indirec t effects of drinking, like drug consumption,

Service Product Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Service Product Marketing - Essay ExampleTo assist with process of analysing this statement, definitions of experience, services and goods are set out below. there are of course variations of the definitions available to describe experiences, services and goods. An early(a) consideration is the relationship between experiences, services and goods plus whether each is clearly distinctive from the other especially if one considers how closely related they are to each other. Where it has been considered relevant political or frugal backgrounds have been included to give this work great depth.Experiences are what people have felt or feel when they use goods and services providing the basis for future purchases and behaviour. Providing good experiences can be the key to technical success. People can buy goods and services because they want to do so or because they have to. The portrayal that some goods and services can provide legitimate kinds of experiences can make people think nee d rather than just want goods and services (Ison, 2000, p.48).Economists used to concentrate almost exclusively on the economic experiences of companies and manufacturers rather than the experiences of the consumers of services and goods. It was generally believed that the experiences of companies were distinct from any services and goods that they offered. However the economic experiences of firms should be analysed to make the delivery of services and goods more effective and cheaper to provide. The subsume between using experiences to lower costs and pass on the savings to customers in the form of lower prices was appreciated by aircraft and car makers during the 1920s, and if Henry hybridizations adoption of mass production method is taken into account earlier than that. In other words it is a different slant on the theories relating to economies of scale (Schnaars, 1998, p. 45).More recently economists, market researchers and

British Cinema 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

British Cinema 2 - Essay ExampleA little research into the history of British cinema tells us that in the early 1900s, it experienced a boom or a period of development, which was marred by a recession in the next ten years due to increased competition, mainly from the US and due to other commercial practices. To make the film industry recover from the lay waste to recession, a Cinematograph Films Act 1927 was put into effect which was successful in achieving the desired result as the 1930s saw a production of approximately two hundred hundred films. Some of the names that caught attention were of Alfred Hitchcock. Many argue that this over-expansion had an adverse affect on the industry, which reached an all time low point during World warfare II period.As with any other industry, it vulcanized in the post-war period and gained stability with increasing American investment. It was in this period that British films also realize Academy Awards, and Charles Dickenss classics were ad apted into movies. However, another period of recession struck the industry towards the middle of the 1970s and continued to last till the end of 1980s. As investments started coming, it recovered from the previous setbacks and continued to develop in the 1990s. Even though, it is impossible to say whether the British film industry was at its high or low sound judgement from the quantity of the films made but it still gives an idea of how it was developing. Many people claim, that some of the best British films were churned out before the world when it was undergoing through recession, so it can be argued that as yet while British cinema was facing recession, it still had its importance and a strong foothold in the film industry.British FILM PRODUCTION IN 1990s- 2000sIn the late 1980s and early 1990s, the British film industry was facing hard times due to stout competition given to them by their American successes, which attracted a large audience from people living in Britain to o. They were faltering times for the British films industry, whose films were not even becoming a success in their own country. Their box-office revenues had nose-dived but changed its direction in 1993 and cinema attendances began to go up. Many expensive and high-budget films were also produced. However, they did not begin as much a success as the lower budgeted movies became because of their different story line and advanced sound techniques which also received international appreciation, including American audiences. quatern Weddings and a Funeral released in 1994 became a huge success and revived interest in British cinema. It was produced by Duncan Kenworthy, Working Title Films and Channel Four Films and was penned by Richard Curtis.The issues faced by British film production in the early 1990s were countless. The British film industry was in constant drive of releasing huge budgeted successes to compete with the successes achieved in America. Unfortunately, for the Britis h films industry, making huge-budgeted movies did not guarantee success and the audience was somewhat getting bored of stereotypical roles in movies given to actors. Productions costs were rising dramatically what with the search for additional and advanced equipments for film making and newer technology to improve the quality of sound. Computer generated images had begun to be use in movies and the added

First assignment to analyze energy problems Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

First to analyze energy problems - Assignment ExampleBut compared to nuclear fission, nuclear fusion work out is extremely complicated and dangerous. Nuclear fusion requires extreme amounts of heat energy in order to fuse two small nuclei combine to form a single large nucleus. For example, in sun, two hydrogen nuclei combined to form a helium nucleus at a high temperature which resulted in the firing of enormous amount of energy mainly in the form of hat and light. Suns interiors have high pressure and temperature so that fusion post take place easily in the sun. But earthbound reactors suffernot achieve such high pressures and temperatures of the suns interior, which is the major challenge in conducting nuclear fusion on earths surface (National Academy of Engineering)Nuclear fusion can be placed only at the hold out place in the technology concept map considering the complexities and dangers associated with the process of nuclear fusion. The current nuclear reactors which are operating in some of the counties are intervention temperatures of smaller amount when we compare it with the temperatures needed to operate a nuclear fusion reactor. The uncontrollable nature of nuclear energy seems to be the major villain in exploiting nuclear energy with the help of the fusion process.The major social issue associated with the exploitation of nuclear fusion energy is the possibility of huge disasters which can wipe off the entire living things from the earth. Till the technology developed to such a level that the possibility of a disaster becomes zero, it is not wise to conduct even an experiment on the exploitation of energy from nuclear fusion. We have already witnessed the striking power of nuclear energy in Hiroshima and Nagasaki which is negligible when we compare it with the dimensions of a possible disaster that could be happened due to nuclear fusion process.It is a fact that we facing lot of social issues like terrorism, violence,

Generating forecasts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Generating forecasts - Essay ExampleSince the current and future customers have more money to buy the companys goods and services, it is possible to predict an increase in the purchase of the stores product sales and services revenues. Statistical tools help make more informed store management decisions.In the same manner, the increase in certain in hooked factors may indicate a possible decline in the dependent factor. For example, an increase in the governments taxes will narrow the workers take home pays or salaries. Consequently, the reduced take home pays will reduce the workers purchasing power. Consequently, the decision makers must expect a decline in the stores sales and service revenues. With the reduced take home pay, the employees must cut down their avoidable expenses.The table 1 data shows the company can devote the future weeks projected revenues (Johnson, 2010). The expected future sales are grounded based on the above multiple independent variables. The dependent v ariable is the revenues. As dependent variable, the sales output is normally dependent on the many independent variables.The above table shows that the competitors often sell their products at prices that are probable. A reasonable price takes into consideration several relevant factors. One of the relevant factors is the demand for the products. A high customers demand for the products will encourage the stores to increase their selling prices. However, a low demand for the stores products and services persuades the store managers to offer discounted prices. With the discounts, the customers will take advantage of the price reductions. A price reduction will normally inductance a higher demand for the stores products and services (Johnson, 2010).The above table 2 shows the summary of the statistical findings regression analysis for the ten weeks. The Multiple regression output is shown to be 0.63. The R Squared figure is 0.40. The Adjusted R squared figure is -.0950.

World event Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

World event - Essay ExampleImmediately after the pressure hit Myanmar, which had been classified as a major natural tragedy, the immediate death toll numbers were broadcast across the origination, creating a sense of urging toward helping the victims as well as a sense of empathy for their situations. This empathy came not only from me as a concerned citizen, but from different nationalities at from each one side of the globe. Offerings for food, support, clothing and water were immediately decided by national leadership, however initially these tokens of assistance were refused by Myanmars leadership. In detail, Myanmar rulers (who were in control of the regimen due to an unauthorised series of uprisings) made it clear to the global community that any attempts to de bonkr assistance items to Myanmar citizens would meet with an appropriate, violent response.Finally, leaders of Westernised countries managed to create a minor collaborative effort with Myanmar leadership by agree ing to bring airplanes and ships loaded with food into the country, quickly, to ensure that the citizens of the country were able to survive in harsh environmental conditions. What appeared to me to be the most unique situation during the immediate negotiations for disaster aid was that Myanmars leaders would have rather put millions of citizens at risk of starvation or disease than to risk the chance of their regime being removed from power by stronger national forces. Seemingly, to prevent this, Myanmars government closely monitored the incoming behaviors and actions of external disaster aid coalitions to make sure that no global force was able to remain in Myanmar for a split second longer than the offloading of cargo machines took. everywhere a period of several months, citizens of Myanmar were presented, using various television and print media channels, struggling to simply rebuild the modest and meager dwellings they had always been forced to live in. I watched as the world stood relatively helpless to assist these people, as it did not take long for Myanmar forces to refuse the entry of any further international aid. Instead, citizens were forced to create their own, broader sense of personal community just to survive, using their own limited resources to attempt to rebuild some sense of life as it had been before the natural disaster. As a student entering the academic world, witnessing events such as this particular disaster remind me, truly, of how far the world mustiness progress in order to become the global community which is often presented in various textbooks and media outlets. Media often illustrates the growing use of the Internet across the world to remind us all that we have obligations to those people who are not necessarily as advanced or privileged as others in the Westernised world. but through the design of complicated trade routes, mass media, and the growing internationalisation efforts of various country industries, the world ha s become a much smaller positioning and, at the same time, affords tremendous opportunities for the future in terms of sustaining long-term international relationships with various global citizens. What adjusted my thinking most notably was the fact that Myanmar seemed to have no contingency plan for taking care of its people, which clearly

UpBeat Inc. ( Case Study ) Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

UpBeat Inc. ( ) - Case Study Exampleharmonize to the provision 1, savings bank call for to take permission from Upbeat Inc to sell its receivables in case of default also which is not the right accounting practice. It is totally against the principal of US GAAP. The bank has full statutory authorities to sell different receivables of Upbeat Inc in case of companys defaulter situation. Once the company announced its incapableness to repay bank loans then the bank can sell all receivables without any prerequisite permission. According to accounting principal this is considered as breach of believe or failure of agreement between two parties. Under this situation banks property is there with the company and the company is not travel it unreasonably (Sherman, 2011). This situation gives full authority to the bank to sell all receivables of the company without any permission. According to ASC, the bank needs to monitor the financial conditions of espousal Upbeat. It has to observe wh ether the company is trying to pay back its money or not. Here in this case the company is withholding banks money unreasonably. So, there is no need to take any prior permission to sell or pledge their receivables. But here in this provision foe thing has taken place. In the designing of this provision all the required standards of ASC has not been followed. This provision is not supporting various accounting standards. So, all the supra arguments are stating that provision 1 of transfer agreement does keep sales accounting.Here in this case, Transfer Provision 2 will not preclude sales accounting. According to this provision of transfer agreement Upbeat can repurchase their all receivables in future at a fixed price. According to GAAP of USA, Upbeat can come to an agreement with the bank where both parties will agree upon a fixed price against which the company will belong back its receivables from the bank. It is a very suitable principal for Upbeat Inc. Due to this

External and Internal Environmental Analysis For Barnes and Noble Term Paper

External and Internal Environmental Analysis For Barnes and Noble - stipulation Paper ExampleBarnes & Noble Inc. regarded as a fortune 500 company is one of the largest book retailers created form the basic ideas of Charles M. Barnes who started the business with a weeny printing establishment in Illinois in 1873. The company merchandised in textbooks and scholarly books and became famous in the whole Manhattan and New York, but with the increase in fame, came the impoerishment to meet the high demand. This prompted Leonard Riggio, one of Barnes & Noble competitors into buying the company in 1971 and later transforming it into the world largest bookstore the famous name it earned until to date (Morgan, 2010). Having deliver the goods the highest success rate Riggio decided to expand it again through incorporation of a broader selection of commodities, which has seen the Barnes & Noble Companys expansion all over the United States with accomplishments in the internet e-book servic es, shipping and mailing systems. The company has recorded remarkable sales perturbations, but they still fail in the area of conform to the environmental impacts of the market. Therefore as part of sourcing out a long-lasting solution and defining the future of the company, the management has to carry out an external and upcountry environmental analysis for the company (Barnes & Noble, 1997). The success of this analysis relates directly to the strategic plan that the company formulates and puts into practice which forms the basis of this paper that seeks to plot out a workable strategic plan for Barnes & Noble Inc.... The company has the best locations characterized by their excellent choice of location, for example, in cafes like the Starbucks. Through the high success turnover rate, they enjoy the capability of having enough capital for expansion. They have a wide clientele base emanating from the extra program such as the children book golf-club and the publishing programs Since the company bases its work on creativity, they attract the biggest clientele number of Americans who value art. The technological advancement and the increased need for a computer literate person generation boost the numbers of clients that utilize the companys eBook service benefiting company in return. Strong team to lead and manage the company. Growth of the online product. Added honor when it comes to the brands. Stable financial position. Weaknesses They have the highest internal operating costs due to the many locations they have opened their stores. Sluggish in keeping up with the different change in issues and trends. The company lacks proper preparedness when it comes to dealing with change and competition. Diseconomies of scale. Over estimated economies of scale. Weak chain of managers. Threats The competition from other online libraries and online businesses such as the Amazon. The providence that continues to slow down. External changes such as the politics, th e government and taxes. Existence of cheap but effective technology.. Competitors who offer low-cost products The rampant growing product refilling such as the eBooks. Fluctuations in exchange rates. Competition. Conflicts relating to the varied competitor prices. Opportunities A rich marketplace because of their a unique business strategy of penetrating the roughly profitable markets selling scholarly books, movies, textbooks, coffee,

'How has the Y Generation changed HRM practice' Thesis

How has the Y contemporaries changed HRM practice - Thesis ExampleA fundamental concern in employee retention is how the so-called genesis Y affects HR practices. This issue emerged out of the principle that generations of employees differ in their characteristics, and, hence, collect different needs, desires, behaviour, expectations and requirements needed to be satisfied. With the aim to investigate the impact of Generation Y on HR practices, four objectives were laid down. A case national approach was adopted for the cartoon which is qualitative in nature. Data was tranquil through two primary and secondary methods. Primary data was collected through interviews of employers and survey of employees. More or less the same questions were posed to both and the responses evaluated. All the four objectives have been achieved. The study concludes that as yet organizations have not changed their policies to a large extent. They have made some changes in areas such(prenominal) as sa laries and work schedules but training, mentoring and incentive programs still need to be looked into. Moreover, some of the changes which they feel is in the interest of the Yers, is not what the Yers expect. The Yers expect challenging identification s and personal development while the organization believes that they would expect higher salaries.This suggests that the HR managers have not understood the values and beliefs of the Gen Y. The Yers seek rewards and recognition programs which is a better motivator than higher salaries. The HR professionals yet do not seem to know what drives the Gen Y. The study concluded after making recommendations for further investigate on the subject. Limitations to the study were highlighted. Table of Contents Chapter I cornerstone 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Rationale for research 2 1.3 Research aims and objectives 3 1.4 Organization of the study 4 Chapter II Literature Review 2.1 Introduction 5 2.2 Generation Y 2.2.1 Definition 5 2.2.2 Characteris tics of Gen Yers 6 2.2.3 Generational differences 7 2.3 Career expectations and aspirations 7 2.4 Difference in work attitude 9 2.5 Challenge for the HR practitioners 10 2.6 Summary of literature review 11 Chapter III methodological analysis 3. Methodology 13 3.1 Research philosophy 13 3.2 Research phenomenon 13 3.3 Epistemology 14 3.4 Research approach 14 3.5 Research Methodology 15 3.6 Case study method 15 3.7 Time Horizon 16 3.8 Data collection 16 3.9 Data Analysis 17 3.10 Ethical concerns 18 Chapter IV Findings and Discussions 4.1 Introduction 19 4.2 Findings 19 4.3 Discussion 21 Chapter V Conclusion and Recommendations 5.1 Conclusion 25 5.2 Recommendations 27 5.3 Limitations of the study 27 5.4 Reliability and validity 28 References 29 Appendix 31 Chapter I Introduction 1.1 Background Retaining talent is a major concern for all organization in every sector. This has become aggravated due to labor mobility prompted by the forces of globalization. Recruitment too becomes a chall enge as older members start to retire while the younger members just accede the workforce. Thus, the organizations too need to be as dynamic as the changing business environment (Reisenwitz and Iyer, 2009). They must be aware of the characteristics of the entry level recruits and hear their needs and aspirations. It may appear that there is not much difference in attitudes and aspirations between the current youngest generation, namely Gen Y and the previous generation, Gen X. Many scholars and researchers have conducted studies and they have found significant difference between these two generations. To maintain competitive advantage while also focusing on profitability HR experts experience a war of talents as they scramble to deal with talent shortage and its consequences. To manage talent successfully an organization cannot afford to focus on the top performers alone. The

The Unglamorous Interface of an iPad Research Paper

The Unglamorous Interface of an iPad - Research Paper ExampleFor some, its a solution of who they are and what they can afford, but for most, its merely coping to the dictates of the society. With this virtue, capitalists please consumers by delivering the sleekest, fastest, and newest innovation on devices almost every week pushing their limits distant from what used to be impossible and pulling its realization to the now. Who does not drool with the sight of an iPad, or with the sleeked digital SLRs in the market, or the sleekest smart phone? Who would not want a lifeline device that can answer all query or do things for you with just a touch of your hand? adult males means comes way out of hand sometimes in order to meet an unachievable goal so as the capitalists aim to manufacture more even if this equates to considerably creating environmental of humanitarian damages. These electronic devices do not end up on the shelves of a contrivance store in a whisk on the capitalists wand for the consumers to buy it. It goes to a tedious process of conceptualizing, engineering, manufacturing, and marketing. And like in any organization, this process can be echoed as a pyramid with the product on the high end exposed to the world of consumers and the manufacturers at the bottom unplowed hidden from everyones awareness (Lacy, p.32). ... As it proved to be a cost saving method, the giants seek suppliers from low-wage high-labor countries in Asia (Kwok, 776). In the beginning, it was seen as a win-win feature where companies attain their production goal at a very low cost while the labor country receives employment and compensation to salvage their economy. Yet, as time goes, this gratification became one sided tilting the better end to the capitalists and leaving the laborers on the grim end. It is with everyones knowledge that manufacturing evolves chemicals and materials that are damaging to the health of the people and the environment. Policies and regulations put one over been made to control this situation. Unfortunately, not every company placed this on their priority list. Just like the incidence that occurred in one of the factories in Chengdu, China, where a twenty-two year old man, named Lai Xiaodong, died from an explosion while at work due to combustion of chemicals. It is the factory that polished thousands of iPad cases every day. Even the worlds mightiest company such as apple cannot come clean when it comes to ethical issues of their manufacturing scheme. As the demands for the latest recline so as their demand for these manufacturers on the former(a) side of the world. And meeting these demands is parallel to long working hours for the laborers, poor compliance of policies, risk of negligence in monitoring safety precautions and even sorting to fashion of cheaper more volatile chemicals to lower the production costs (Duhigg, par.9). Above are the images of industrial districts of China depicting its hazardous consequence to the environment and its people (Lu Guang). Apple never cared about anything other than increasing product quality and decreasing production cost

Development of Behavioural Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Development of Behavioural Finance - Essay ExampleThis was followed by Seldens ground breaking work on the stock exchange where he attempted to explain peoples financial behaviour in the stock exchanges (Selden, 1912). Further work on behavourial pay continued through the efforts of psychologists much(prenominal) as Leon Festinger who introduced the concept of cognitive dissonance (Festinger et al., 1956). The more modern trends in behavourial finance were placed by Tversky and Kahneman who introduced the availability heuristic that show the financial probability of decision making by a person (Tversky & Kahneman, 1973). This idea was followed by another expected utility theory that critiqued the original theory. This new theory delineated a descriptive model of decision making when faced with risks. The emerging model was espoused as the prospect theory (Kahneman & Tverksy, 1979). The prospect theory presented by Kahneman and Tversky has likewise been suggested as the alternati ve financial explanation for people making less than expected decisions in a risky market situation. The sixties saw the employment of cognitive psychology to the processing of information by the brain. This stood in contrast to behavioural models. The newly emerging cognitive models were being compared to each other much(prenominal) as those presented by Ward Edwards, Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky. This was augmented by the development of mathematical psychology that began to link up transivity of individual preferences to different kinds of measurement scales (Luce, 2000). These developments were augmented with the adit of newer concepts such as overconfidence that forces individuals to make irrational choices which lead to poor financial decision making (Kahneman & Diener, 2003). The bounded rationality projections in behavioural finance project that individuals act to maximise satisfaction rather than utility through their financial decision making even though it may lead to a loss (Gigerenzer & Selten, 2002) (Tsang, 2008). Over the years, various kinds of psychological traits like projection bias, overconfidence, limited attention and the like have been used in behavioural finance models. The scope of inter-temporal choice has also had various applications of behavioural finance which tend to use various kinds of psychological factors to explain basic models of rational choice. Active Portfolio Management versus nonoperational Portfolio Management Fund managers carry out active portfolio management so that the portfolio investments tend to outperform a particular investment benchmark index. In contrast, bloodline managers who are not looking to outperform any investment benchmark index try to invest in funds that replicate previous weightings and returns. This proficiency is labelled as passive portfolio management (Malkiel, 1996). Passive portfolio management is the most preferred investment technique on the equity market but it is gaining wider toleration in other investment fields. The contention behind passive management is to reduce transactional costs as well as investment risks so that the investors output increases. In the modern economy it is common for funds to be managed with the original fund owners relying on fund managers to take investment decisions. According to Cuoco and Kaniel (2009), in 2004 the total amount of managed mutual funds exceeded $8 trillion, hedge funds totalled $1 billion and pension funds totalled more than $12 billion in the United States alone. It has also been

Public vs private management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Public vs private management - Research Paper ExampleThe first difference is on the self-will of the organization where the public sectors be run and financed by the government, and the private sector is operated and owned by the corporation or the private owners. In the public sector, each(prenominal) employees including the managers work for the governments while the employees in the private sector work for the organization (Dresang, 2009).The other difference between the two sectors is that public sectors are established by law. This fact discourages managers from changing the laws depending on the changing conditions. On the other hand, directors in a private sector can change the objective when necessary. The output of a private sector can be valued by the paying customers. This is easily captured on the organizations objectives, missions and decision criteria. However, it may not be easy for the market forces to dictate the gains of a public sector entity (Mgbeke, 2009).Ther efore, private sectors have the responsibility to generate satisfactory returns on their investment and private investors halt more motivation to put more investments. Contrary to this, public sectors still have the assumption that their capital is free, and the need to gain massive profits are ignored (Dresang, 2009).SkillsOne skill a public manager should develop is the ability to communicate with the public. The communication with the pubic and other outsiders is a paramount and powerful skill for the public manager.

Index funds and their investment policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Index silver and their investment policy - Essay ExampleUnlike index funds, actively managed funds aim to reach results, which exceed whole market results or some of its components. Its important for their managers to select the stocks, necessary to buy, correctly, and also to jell exactly the best interchange/purchasing moment.Unlike actively managed funds, which aim to reach results, which exceed whole market results or some of its components (its important for their managers to select the stocks, necessary to buy, correctly, and also to define exactly the best selling/purchasing moment), index funds demonstrate more passive investment strategy.Index funds invest assets to some grassroots asset classes, each of them characterized by its own flights and drops. Thats why combinations of investing into funds, based on various indexes allow reaching some balance, reducing the risk and change magnitude invested money return.There ar five five members, who represent Standard & Poor s and the ASX. They set policy, determ index composition and administer the indices in accordance with the S&P/ASX index methodology. The investment policy includes adding, removing or by-passing any company or during the selection process.And what about the portfolio investment... An index addition generally will be make only if an index vacancy is created by an index deletion. The Index Committee determines S&P/ASX index additions based on historic analysis of a stocks market capitalization, free float, and liquidity.The Fund is a style-based fund that seeks to provide a total return that is broadly in line with the S&P/ASX two hundred Index (excluding listed property trusts) before taking into handbill Fund fees and expenses. The Fund is targeting a grossed-up dividend yield that is 1% above that of the index. Grossed-up dividend yield is calculated taking into account both cash dividends and associated franking credits. Surely, the Committee analyses every merger, spin-off, ac quisition, or scheme of arrangement. Index funds are popular among investors thanks to their wide portfolio diversification, low expenses and high dexterity from taxation point. 2. ASX200 composition determining and its changing.There are indexes for some certain market branches (municipal, technological, financial etc.), regions and states and even different investment styles. For instance, growth indexes are quiet from the stocks of the companies, which are waited to demonstrate fast profit growth tempos, while cost indexes - from the stocks, which can be undervalued on the base of financial results or company assets.The S&P/ASX 200 Index is recognized as one of the leading investment benchmarks for the Australian equity market. The index represents the 200 largest and most liquid publically listed entities in Australia. The S&P/ASX 200 Index provides investors and fund managers with an effective benchmark for Australian equity performance, as it offers a broader representation of the Australian market. What companys stocks are included in ASX 200 list The

The Use of the Many Names of God Research Proposal

The Use of the Many Names of divinity fudge - Research Proposal ExampleMaster, King of Kings, Holy mavin, Heavenly Father, Creator, Allah, Savior, and even the man upstairs. The names of God, however, have a rich and lengthy history with multicultural influences. In looking at the Bible, particularly the emeritus Testament, one will derive more than just a few names for God. In fact, the names utilize in reference to God in the Old Testament will often serve as a euphemism pertinent to His interpreted accomplishments and personalities at the quantify of the name being used. The first is Elohim which is used 7500 times throughout the Old Testament and translates to mean Creator, Preserver, mighty, strong and transcendent. El Shaddai is also a common Old Testament name for God which translates to God all-sufficient. The name Ikanos translates to all-sufficient and is also seen in the Old Testament. Adonai is a intelligence agency of God which means Master or Lord. mavin particul ar Hebrew name which is quite common for God in the Bible is the name cleric. This particular name is often paired with another word which explains characters of God as Jehovah merely means God or Lord. The following are examples of the different names for God which begin with the word Jehovah Jehovah Jireh - the Lord will provide, Jehovah Rophe - Lord who heals, Jehovah Nissi - The Lord our barrier, Jehovah -Mkaddesh - the Lord who sanctifies, Jehovah-Shalom the Lord our peace, Jehovah- Elohim -Lord God Jehovah -Tsidkenu the Lord our righteousness Jehova- Rohi Lord our shepherd, Jehovah- Shammah the Lord is there and Jehovah -Saboath The Lord of hosts. Other names of God are also ensnare in the Bible such as El -Elyon which means most high. Abhir translates to the mighty one and Kedosh means the Holy One.

Malcolm X Citation Essay Example for Free

Malcolm X Citation EssayThe future belongs to those who prepare for it today. This quote by Malcolm X showed that he was ready for the future, whatever it may be. (Moncur). Malcolm X greatly affected the turn of black de-segregation in the 1950s. He had strong beliefs, suffered a mordant assassination, and a remarkable legacy.Malcolm Little had numerous strong beliefs in himself and in slew all over the world. Malcolm Little educated himself, so was able to visit out what he believed. For one, he changed his name from Malcolm Little to Malcolm X because X was the original surname of the slaves from whom he had descended. He insisted that Blacks had the right to protect themselves. He had unendingly believed that violence was occasionally reasonable. Even though he was put into prison in 1946 for burglary, and got out in 1952, he was still a very importantly important person.Malcolm X became very interested in the Nation of Islam. The Nation of Islam is based on conventional teachings, Black Nationalism, and self-help programs that helped the Blacks living in the ghettoes. He believed in and studied Elijah Muhammad, who was the leader of the Black Muslims and popularized their doctrines. He soon became a Black Muslim and as one, he encouraged other Blacks to form all-Black communities. After being a Black Muslim for awhile, he became the Top Dog and representative for them. On March 8, 1964, Malcolm X broke with the Nation of Islam and made a spiritual journey to Mecca, Saudi Arabia. In Mecca, he took the name El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz. When Malcolm broke with the Nation of Islam, he became a target for death threats and pressure.On February 21st, Malcolm X was shot and his look was taken away from him in Harlem. No one thinks it is a coincidence the February 21st, was the first day of National Brotherhood Week. He was shot by a double-barreled shot gun and two pistols. Malcolms lawyer, Percy Sutton, said after he was proclaimed dead, Malcolm knew he would be killed. He told me repeatedly-and as late as yesterday- that his life was in danger (Finkelman). There were three men involved in the assassination of Malcolm. They were all members of the Nation of Islam. The main one who shot him in the chest was Talmadge Hayer. Hayer was born in 1943, making him twenty-two at the time of Malcolms death.Earlier in his life he was detained in prison for self-discipline of guns and disorderly conduct. He testified that his accomplices were not guilty, but they were all convicted. The Audubon Ballroom was the place where Malcolm was shot. The Audubon Ballroom adjoined a theatre found in Washington senior high school, NYC. Washington Heights is in a neighborhood north of Harlem. Recently, it was obliterated to make way for the new Columbia Presbyterian infirmary, the place were Malcolm X was taken when he was shot. Everyone that walks in the doors of the Hospital will see the memorial which was placed there for Malcolm X. Malcolm X was one of the most contentious persons of the century.He had met many people, traveled many places, and influenced many lives. galore(postnominal) young Black activists supported him. Malcolm X was captivating and witty, while his words gave hope to all who heard them. He was an incredible speaker and many people wished to quote him. Malcolm X once said, How can anyone be against love?(Malcolm X). I agree with him, no one can be against love. This is one of the many reasons Malcolm X supported the Blacks and helped them to believe that they had the right to be safe, the right to protect themselves, and the right to love.

Microsoft Office Essay Example for Free

Microsoft Office EssayThe office uses Microsoft Office 2003 Professional Edition which is the leading softwargon in the market place today. It offers significant advantages which include excellent functionality, improved collaboration between people, information and processes, attractive and golden to use interface and utilizable collection of applications. Among the Office 2003 applications which argon commonly used includeOutlook The 2003 Professional Edition has given a much better look to Outlook than before. The software offers new and locomote features such as improved junk mail facility and addition of data markers which allow the user to see not just the date and the day when an email was sent or received. Word The most common and useful word-processing tool available today. The 2003 version is quite advanced and understands the XML file format. It comes with easy editing and formatting tools, graphs and diagram templates, spell check, grammar and thesaurus and an ov erall user-friendly interface. A key mischief with Word is the amount of memory it takes up which is high than the older versions.Excel Excel is a very handy tool when it comes to dealing with data and data related activities. It enables the user to turn data into useful information and offers tools which help in the analysis, communication and sharing of that data and its key findings and conclusions. Excel also offers the added advantage of using Extensible Markup Language (XML) data which provides users greater flexibility to connect with business processes. Excel spreadsheets are easy to use and read and provide easy access to consequential information. The software is a mustiness for any company and allows timely access to information and helps smooth the process of decision making. Overall, its easy to use but a key disadvantage is the difficulty of using pivot tables and numerical calculations through formulas.PowerPoint PowerPoint allows the user to crate presentations t hat have more impact and that have the ability to transmit information in a more accurate and interesting manner. This software can help create amazing presentations with the use of graphics, animation and multimedia. Presenting is quite easy with various drop away show tools and transitions. With PowerPoint, it is also quite easy to share and exchange relevant presentations with others by sharing them and by using the shared attachment option. Important and hush-hush presentations can be secured by preventing others from copying or printing the slides. This can be done through the Information Rights Management functionality.FrontPage This software is another important tool especially in todays age of the World Wide Web. Microsoft FrontPage offers great features, flexibility and functionality and allows users to create unique and attractive websites. It provides easy to use designing and produce tools and also allows users to test their site with various combinations and resoluti ons to determine how it would eventually turn out to be. Users can take advantage of multiple images and content and build websites that are effective and attractive.Windows Server 2003 The Windows 2003 Server is an extremely essential and effective run system that helps organizations create strong infrastructure and make a net hit which would work with great efficiency. The 2003 server offers enhanced security, increased reliability and is extremely easy to use and administer. This software is great to collaborate with people, information, systems and devices. While it offers great benefits, a major(ip) disadvantage of Windows Server 2003 is that it requires more system resources. It also needs to reboot more frequently than UNIX or Linux. It is comparatively more expensive than other operating systems.

Research Design in Geography

Research Design in GeographyWith the ever-growing expansion of ball-shaped knowledge geographers like many other scientists both homophile and physical arrive at begin to face an information explosion (Ebdon, 1985). The readily usable write information and numerical info today is increasing at an accelerating rate. This has lead to the necessity for summaries of these deep info sets showing the concise measurements of their attributes. Human and physical geographics derriere be seen as two different arrests one been primarily focussed on qualitative selective information and one quantitative information on an individual tail both been equally reliant and concerned within substitute information ascendents. The contention as to why this is the case is outlined below.It endure be storied that secondary info within the research discipline may be defined as data which has not been collected with the specific research irresolution in mind (Emanuel and Egenvall, 2014). It tail be seen as data which has previously been collected by somebody else however is effortlessly accessible Secondary data was once a branch of primary data (Vartanian, 2010). It is seen as common source for academic disciplines to spend within research projects either been obtained from quantitative or qualitative sources.Secondary data as an aspect of scientific disciplines has come about ascribable to the global widespread transition from paper to digital (Gomez and Jones, 2010). at present datasets can be created, analysed and distributed worldwide digitally. Digital secondary data is lots structured within databases and organised as tables which can be analysed. An example of this is hold out records available online within the NOAA National Climatic Data Centre (NCDC) whereby annual to daily summaries argon available as structured datasets. This climatic data online provides empty accessible archives of global historical weather and climatic data addressing all va riables. Compared to many other scientific disciplines geographers use a great wish of secondary data because of the numerous types of data available within geographic research (Montello and Sutton, 2006).Maps as a branch of secondary data support the basis of physical geographers research there involvement in the environmental features, factors and processes which coalesce to placeher to make a place unique. With the earths features and landscapes dynamic in a spatial context maps allow geographers to study and monitor landscape falsify everywhere time (Gabler et al, 2008). Climatologists are interested in weather maps as they show where and how weather elements change daily, over the seasons and yearly. This allows for predictions and management in areas which may be susceptible to high levels of rainfall, such as southwestward West England whereas Geomorphologists aspect at the study of the topography within a given area. Using maps physical geographers apply their knowled ge they discover from the study of the earth the remark of phenomena and compilation of data to seek solutions to the global pops to which they are interested in. Geographic Maps are readily available at (Digi-map) ordinance survey map data on Edina Maps an example of a historic map can be found atPhysical geographers and other scientists work to describe and analyse the often colonial features of planet earth and its environments by composing representations of the real world forms. A model is a simplified version of a more(prenominal) than complex reality that allows for prediction each model is designed with a specific purpose in mind. This is evident in Pacione (2001) with the idea of the concentric zone model and the multiple nuclei model in hostel to explain the spatial structure of the urban economy. A map is a branch of model as it shows a representation providing useful information required to meet specific needs. Maps are seen as a pictorial model (Gabler et al, 200 8) and are used because they are economical in conveying a great amount of spatial information that is easily recognisable. Likewise maps not only show spatial information and data but they excessively show essential information about the map itself which is interesting to geographers the legend, scale and direction.A more recent preliminary since the 1990s is the use of geographic information systems and aerial remote sensing as a branch of mapping. Initially geographers used maps achieved by producing a transparent overlay for each data set at a common scale, aligning overlays so that their co-ordinates corresponded and then drawing a new overlay showing for instance how rock candy types and soils interrelate (Freeman et al, 1993). However the more data there is to analyse the more complex the map becomes as a piece of secondary data. Therefore astronomical complex data sets require the use of computer software designed to manipulate spatial data. This computer base enginee ring science assists the large geographic data derived from numerous digital map layers (composed of thematic maps) enabling geographers to address global problems that require large amounts of spatial data from a variety of sources (Gabler et al, 2008).Figure 1shows the distinct procedure in order to use GIS to create secondary data.As Moran (1975) states though it is not just geography using such tool, statistical summary with maps is of course burning(prenominal) in all other sciences such as geology, epidemiology and geophysics. An example of this is the work been done on the small scale geographical dispersal of cases of tuberculosis, cancer and leukaemia (Moran, 1975). This is done to see if there is evidence of clustering which may give light on the causation of such diseases.Within the geographic discipline the common term secondary data refers to the relatively large databases those individual researchers would not be able to maturate for example numerate data, newsp aper archives, orbiter imagery or resource inventories. Secondary data is an important aspect in all geographic literature because it can be analysed in order demonstrate a depth of relationship between variables to show an underlying trend. Geographers use secondary data because it provides an alternative to the collection of primary data which in turn often gives the researcher access to more information than would be available (Vartanian, 2010). Figure 2 shows just a sample of large datasets available on Income Ine pure tone as a branch of human geography.Archives are seen as another branch of secondary data whereby the use of be records that others wee collected primarily for non-research purposes such as financial reports, birth and death records, newspaper stories, diaries or letters. These could be seen as more beneficial to human geographers as they are qualitative data.A recent approach and use of secondary data is the use of personal solicited diaries as a qualitative method of research within social geography. In Meth (2003) diaries were used with women from South Africa who recorded their experiences of violence over a one month period. Within the word it shows that solicited diaries can contribute towards a feminist analysis of social processes similarly within human geography diaries can promote participation and engagement by respondents in the research process. This use of secondary data is also present in the recent study into the everyday geographies into the heterosexual love and home by Morrison (2012). Within this study solicited diaries are seen to provide participants with a sense of emotional reflection and they can allow researchers to access this knowledge which may not have been opened if another data collection method was used. However as Morrison (2012) states diaries offer momentariness research and cannot always be compared to everyday life.Compared to many other scientific disciplines, both human and physical geographers us e a great deal of secondary data (Montello Sutton, 2006). Geographers can often be seen to study phenomena at large spatial and temporal scales where it can be seen as too difficult and upscale to collect data oneself. Likewise the idea that secondary data is not intended for ones research often inspires a geographers research area. As Montello Sutton (2006) found, much geographic research is that analysts study problems at the examination scale of such available dataset, which is often not the scale at which the phenomena operates.The primary reason for the use of secondary data is its availability it is evident that there are thousands accessible in a myriad of places (Vartanian, 2010). This availability in such increasing amounts is due to the digitalization of many records. For human geographers the uttermost used source of secondary data is the population census (Flowerdew and Martin, 2013) which is produced in the UK every 10 years by the office of National Statistics (ONS). This in-depth data analysis provides demographic statistics but also elaborate on education, transport, work and housing. nose count data is available publicly online at no cost and is available globally facilitating their use as an exploratory commencement exercise step within a research project opposed to primary research within the same research area (Gomez and Jones, 2010). This approach is seen as more efficient in respect to time and cost in comparison to primary data collection. However it has become apparent that a large possibility exists in the relative abilities of the rich and the poor countries to produce and control digital secondary datasets. However Gomez and Jones (2010) have seen the global south trying to narrow the digital divide by governmental projects in-order to create their own data collection. As geographers it is clear that the growing accessibility of digitalised data is related to the growth of geomatic technologies.Emanuelson and Egenvall (2014) ad dress the restitution of time and cost it is apparent that secondary data is cheaper and more readily available than primary data. Due to this the ability to gain large samples of data is seen more apparent likewise the chance to limit selection bias due to been able to sample a large part of the population. Primary data can be affected by specific biases such as recall and non-response. Secondary data is less likely to be affected by these biases due to the data been collected for another research question in mind. Questions should still be considered in secondary data such as how representative is the data, reliability and completeness of data to ensure validity. The data should be validated in the same way (i.e. Identification of non normal observations and internal validity). Reliability and validity are important questions within research as this offers consistency of results under repeatability conditions and offers a truth-value of research (Montello and Sutton, 2013).The l egitimacy of secondary data is carried by the organised order making it healthy suited for many types of quantitative or statistical analysis. Likewise secondary data is commonly produced by trained professionals who pre-test the questions and verify categories in order to produce standard and comparable information, both across time and space (Gomez, 2010). Most importantly the professional systems of collection assembly, storage and retrieval that constitute secondary data confer legitimacy that is widely recognised and works to empower such data and make it rhetorically convincing.Secondary data can arguably be involved within geography due to the Quantitative Revolution a term used by Davies (1972) as an aspect of one of the four major(ip) turning points within modern geography. This revolution occurred during the 1950s and 1960s highlighting a method of change behind geographical research a launch from geography been a regional finding based research to a spatial science (Dav ies, 1972). The idea of secondary data been incorporated into the discipline meant that there was a movement from descriptive to scientific. As Davies (1972) states there is a still a divide between human and physical geography as it can be seen that physical has developed this quantitative revolution further causing a general talk of human geography becoming its own supreme subject. The revolution itself is the basis for geography using secondary data today due to its creation of dynamism, self-insurance and a reassertion of scientific principles (Newby, 1980). This introduction of scientific flock (Davies, 1972) engaged the geographic discipline into the solution for spatial, social and environmental global problems. By turning an introspective subject into an actively concerned discipline interested in the relationship it has with alternative global topics.Throughout physical geography the growth in analysis has not only been linked to but also related to the change in content and focus of enquiry. An example of this is the growing use of systems and modelling approach in Geomorphology (Chorley, 1962) and the rapid expansion of technology allowing secondary data to be widely available. In human geography the beginning of quantitative techniques and the associated philosophical implications of a positivist approach led to change from 1965-75 (Gregory, 1983) arguably a decade later than physical geography. Urban geography experienced a drastic shift from an urban land use approach to quantitatively based studies of spatial urban and economic structures. This need for statistics within all aspects of geography was made clear by Wilson and Kirkby (1975) nevertheless some British Geographers are overlooking aspects which need real mathematical competence.It has become clear that secondary datasets have become an important role in economic research due to the expansion of availability of datasets. Within human geography and economics international agencies suc h as the World Bank and the United Nations (UN) since the 1990s have expanded its data sets, as for years have published income distribution data in its annual world development report. Advancements within these data sets are enabling a greater scale and distribution (Atkinson and Brandolini, 2001). An example of this can be seen by the data sets constructed by Klaus Deininger and Lyn Squire (1996) and the world income inequality database (WIID).on board the expansion of research it can be noted that research has changed over time. This is displayed in the Social Service Review (SSR) during 1980 and 2007. In 1980 six main articles or notes used some form of secondary data either administrative or survey data whereas in 2007 it was twenty-two used articles published. Vartanian (2010 argues this is only a snapshot of a trend based on one elite social work journal However secondary data is becoming progressively important.Statistical data is an important aspect of geography as it offe rs credibility to an argument or advice. Moran (1975) claims that statistical geography bears the same relation to geography that econometrics do to economics. Statistics are present in all academic journals and are constantly been generated by governmental organisations in-order to generate spatial trends. Governmental run datasets such as national statistics online, the UK population census and GEsource, all offer data which can be found across most countries and can usually be disaggregated to rather small areas such as administrative and political divisions which are popular amongst geographers (Flowerdew and Martin, 2013). Moran (1975) discovers that a great deal of statistical geography appears to be more descriptive than explanatory.The most common use of statistics in the UK by human geographers is the population census data. A geographic use of this is using census data to look at migration and morbidity in Bentham, G, (1988). Census data is an official complete collection of data from the population with details as to age, sex and occupation and re-create every 10 years. Bentham, G (1988) looks at the association between the geographical pattern of disease and possible casual factors looking at the 1981 GB Census data. Self-reported morbidity statistics are used displaying that the health status of migrants differs noticeably from that of non-migrants. Similarly Mesev, V (1998) uses census data within urban image classification. Mesev looks at a monitored classification strategy containing a group of techniques that allow the connecting of urban land cover from remotely sensed data with urban functional characteristics from the population census data.However statistical data should not bind us solely to secondary data in addition there are administrative reports, business sector records, diaries, newspapers and maps. As with any form of methodology disadvantages are there secondary data can be argued to have a lack of control (Vartanian, 2010). It can be said to have a lack of control over the framing and wording of survey items and that the questions important to your studied may not be include in such data. Likewise subtleties matter a great deal in research and secondary data can be argued to get broader and not answer the research question in the direct research title. Similarly Emanuelson and Egenvall (2014) consider that there is no control over the information what is included in datasets which have already been produced therefore impossible to validate. Moreover ecological fallacy and modifiable area unit problem can be an issue within secondary data the assumption that all individuals in a group share the average characteristics of that group and those trends within data are based upon existing boundaries that are unrelated to the phenomena in question.Secondary data will remain important to geographic research as a primary source of information to a growing number of data intensive applications. Using secondary dat a clearly gives the researchers important advantages such as data coverage, quality and costs as well as the ability to analyse phenomena that otherwise may be impossible such as analysis of populations at a global scale. It can be argued that Data refers to a body of information in numerical form therefore it can be argued that it is hard to reason data as uniquely geographical except perhaps data which concerns the spatial characteristics of places and areas (Ebdon, 1985). GIS as a branch of mapping is seen as one of the basic uses of secondary data within physical geography due to its ability to provide an important route to enquiry enabling exploration and integration of geographical data (Freeman et al, 1993).Within the immediate future physical geographers have no sign of movement away from the statistical analysis and the importance of using secondary data and mathematical modelling is more likely to grow opposed to contract. Whereas within human geography the future is les s clear the positivist view point is being challenged leading to a number of coexisting approaches. Nonetheless according the Institute of British Geographers for the future the numbers game is far from over (Newby, 1980) and this analogy can be applied to many scientific disciplines.